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Deuteronomy 2

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1Then we turned, and took our journey into the wilderness by the way to the Red Sea, as Yahweh spoke to me; and we encircled Mount Seir many days. 2Yahweh spoke to me, saying, 3“You have encircled this mountain long enough. Turn northward. 4Command the people, saying, ‘You are to pass through the border of your brothers the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir; and they will be afraid of you. Therefore be careful. 5Don’t contend with them; for I will not give you any of their land, no, not so much as for the sole of the foot to tread on; because I have given Mount Seir to Esau for a possession. 6You shall purchase food from them for money, that you may eat. You shall also buy water from them for money, that you may drink.’” 7For Yahweh your God has blessed you in all the work of your hand. He has known your walking through this great wilderness. These forty years, Yahweh your God has been with you. You have lacked nothing. 8So we passed by from our brothers the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir, from the way of the Arabah from Elath and from Ezion Geber. We turned and passed by the way of the wilderness of Moab. 9Yahweh said to me, “Don’t bother Moab, neither contend with them in battle; for I will not give you any of his land for a possession; because I have given Ar to the children of Lot for a possession.” 10(The Emim lived therein before, a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakim. 11These also are considered to be Rephaim, as the Anakim; but the Moabites call them Emim. 12The Horites also lived in Seir before, but the children of Esau succeeded them. They destroyed them from before them, and lived in their place; as Israel did to the land of his possession, which Yahweh gave to them.) 13“Now rise up, and cross over the brook Zered.” We went over the brook Zered. 14The days in which we came from Kadesh Barnea, until we had come over the brook Zered, were thirty-eight years; until all the generation of the men of war were consumed from the middle of the camp, as Yahweh swore to them. 15Moreover Yahweh’s hand was against them, to destroy them from the middle of the camp, until they were consumed. 16So, when all the men of war were consumed and dead from among the people, 17Yahweh spoke to me, saying, 18“You are to pass over Ar, the border of Moab, today. 19When you come near the border of the children of Ammon, don’t bother them, nor contend with them; for I will not give you any of the land of the children of Ammon for a possession; because I have given it to the children of Lot for a possession.” 20(That also is considered a land of Rephaim: Rephaim lived there before; but the Ammonites call them Zamzummim, 21a great people, many, and tall, as the Anakim; but Yahweh destroyed them before them; and they succeeded them, and lived in their place; 22as he did for the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir, when he destroyed the Horites from before them; and they succeeded them, and lived in their place even to this day: 23and the Avvim, who lived in villages as far as Gaza, the Caphtorim, who came out of Caphtor, destroyed them, and lived in their place.) 24“Rise up, take your journey, and pass over the valley of the Arnon: behold, I have given into your hand Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his land; begin to possess it, and contend with him in battle. 25Today I will begin to put the dread of you and the fear of you on the peoples who are under the whole sky, who shall hear the report of you, and shall tremble, and be in anguish because of you.” 26I sent messengers out of the wilderness of Kedemoth to Sihon king of Heshbon with words of peace, saying, 27“Let me pass through your land. I will go along by the highway, I will turn neither to the right hand nor to the left. 28You shall sell me food for money, that I may eat; and give me water for money, that I may drink. Just let me pass through on my feet, 29as the children of Esau who dwell in Seir, and the Moabites who dwell in Ar, did to me; until I pass over the Jordan into the land which Yahweh our God gives us.” 30But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him; for Yahweh your God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into your hand, as it is today. 31Yahweh said to me, “Behold, I have begun to deliver up Sihon and his land before you. Begin to possess, that you may inherit his land.” 32Then Sihon came out against us, he and all his people, to battle at Jahaz. 33Yahweh our God delivered him up before us; and we struck him, his sons, and all his people. 34We took all his cities at that time, and utterly destroyed every inhabited city, with the women and the little ones. We left no one remaining. 35Only the livestock we took for plunder for ourselves, with the plunder of the cities which we had taken. 36From Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, and the city that is in the valley, even to Gilead, there was not a city too high for us. Yahweh our God delivered up all before us. 37Only to the land of the children of Ammon you didn’t come near; all the banks of the river Jabbok, and the cities of the hill country, and wherever Yahweh our God forbade us.

World English Bible (public domain)

But the Lord said to me, 'Do not harass Moab, and do not contend with them in battle, for I will not give you any of their land for a possession, because I have given Ar to the sons of Lot for a possession.'

Deuteronomy 2:9

Summary

In Deuteronomy chapter 2, Moses recounts the journey of the Israelites as they wander through the wilderness after leaving Mount Horeb. The chapter begins with divine instructions to move away from the mountains and circles back to the history of their travels through Edom, Moab, and Ammon. Faithful to God's direction, Moses emphasizes the importance of not engaging in conflict with these nations, as they have been granted their own territories by God. This obedience to God's commands shows the significance of justice and respect for others, even amidst struggles. The Israelites are reminded that their wanderings were not in vain but were a preparation for their eventual entry into the Promised Land. The chapter further highlights God's providence and care during the decades of wandering, providing for their needs and ensuring their safety. It illustrates the reality of Israel's identity, framed by God's promise and presence, underscoring themes of patience, trust, and perseverance. As the narrative continues, the reader sees the broader theme of God's sovereignty over nations and His everlasting commitment to His people, preparing them for the inheritance awaiting them. Ultimately, Deuteronomy 2 serves as a poignant reminder of the Israelites' journey, not simply as a physical migration but as a spiritual lesson in faithfulness, accountability, and readiness to receive God's blessings. The chapter culminates in acknowledging that God's steadfast love and covenant with His people is stronger than the challenges they encounter, as He leads them toward their destiny with purpose and care.

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Chapter outline

How Deuteronomy 2 unfolds

  1. Deuteronomy 2:1–3 Journey Begins in the Wilderness

    The Israelites begin their journey in the wilderness by the Red Sea, following God’s command to turn northward after circling Mount Seir.

  2. Deuteronomy 2:4–6 Instructions Regarding Edom

    God instructs Moses to tell the people to pass through the land of Edom peacefully, emphasizing that they must not take any of their territory.

  3. Deuteronomy 2:7–8 God's Provision in the Wilderness

    Moses reminds the people that God has blessed and provided for them throughout their forty years in the wilderness.

  4. Deuteronomy 2:9–12 Instructions Regarding Moab

    God commands the Israelites not to engage with Moab, explaining that their land has been given to the descendants of Lot.

  5. Deuteronomy 2:13–15 End of the Old Generation

    Moses notes that thirty-eight years passed, where the previous generation of men of war died as God had sworn.

  6. Deuteronomy 2:16–23 Instructions Regarding Ammon and Historical Background

    God directs the Israelites not to contend with Ammon, recounting the history of the Rephaim and other peoples displaced by them.

  7. Deuteronomy 2:24–37 Conflict with Sihon and Victory

    Moses describes God's command to battle Sihon, king of Heshbon, leading to a decisive victory and the acquisition of his cities.

Key verses

  • Deuteronomy 2:9Deuteronomy 2:9 underscores the chapter's emphasis on respecting the land and rights of neighboring nations as ordained by God.

Main themes in Deuteronomy 2

God's guidance

In Deuteronomy 2:1-3, God provides direction to the Israelites as they navigate through the wilderness, urging them to move forward after a time of wandering. The chapter develops this theme by illustrating how the Israelites are instructed to interact with neighboring nations, emphasizing the need for obedience to God's commands. This portrayal of God's guidance is crucial, as it underscores His continual leadership and care for the Israelites during their journey.

Divine providence

Deuteronomy 2 highlights the theme of divine providence, particularly in verse 7, where the Israelites are reminded of God's constant presence and provision throughout their long journey. The narrative reflects on how God has sustained them, meeting their needs even amidst struggles and challenges. This recognition of God's care serves to reassure the Israelites of His faithfulness, encouraging them to trust in His ongoing support as they face the future.

Respect for others

The theme of respect for others is present when God instructs Israel not to engage with Edom, Moab, and Ammon in conflict, as seen in verses 4-9. The Israelites must recognize the territorial rights of these nations granted by God. This sets a precedent for ethical conduct towards other peoples.

Identity and inheritance

In verses 24-37, Deuteronomy 2 reaches a pivotal moment where the Israelites confront their identity and the inheritance of the land promised by God. The chapter recounts their battles and victories, framing them as essential steps toward claiming what God has ordained for them. This narrative reinforces their identity as God's chosen people, emphasizing that their journey is not merely historical but a divine fulfillment of His promises.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Deuteronomy 2

Study questions

Questions for studying Deuteronomy 2

  1. What specific command does God give about the land of Edom?
  2. How does Moses describe God's provision during the wilderness journey?
  3. What historical peoples are mentioned in relation to Moab and Ammon?
  4. Why does God say He hardened Sihon's heart?
  5. What victory do the Israelites achieve over Sihon?
  6. How does the chapter illustrate Israel's identity in relation to other nations?
  7. What does this chapter indicate about God's guidance for Israel?

Deuteronomy 2: frequently asked questions

What is Deuteronomy 2 about?+
In Deuteronomy chapter 2, Moses recounts the journey of the Israelites as they wander through the wilderness after leaving Mount Horeb. The chapter begins with divine instructions to move away from the mountains and circles back to the history of their travels through Edom, Moab, and Ammon. Faithful to God's direction, Moses emphasizes the importance of not engaging in conflict with these nations, as they have been granted their own territories by God. This obedience to God's commands shows the significance of justice and respect for others, even amidst struggles. The Israelites are reminded that their wanderings were not in vain but were a preparation for their eventual entry into the Promised Land. The chapter further highlights God's providence and care during the decades of wandering, providing for their needs and ensuring their safety. It illustrates the reality of Israel's identity, framed by God's promise and presence, underscoring themes of patience, trust, and perseverance. As the narrative continues, the reader sees the broader theme of God's sovereignty over nations and His everlasting commitment to His people, preparing them for the inheritance awaiting them. Ultimately, Deuteronomy 2 serves as a poignant reminder of the Israelites' journey, not simply as a physical migration but as a spiritual lesson in faithfulness, accountability, and readiness to receive God's blessings. The chapter culminates in acknowledging that God's steadfast love and covenant with His people is stronger than the challenges they encounter, as He leads them toward their destiny with purpose and care.
What is the key verse in Deuteronomy 2?+
Deuteronomy 2:9: "Yahweh said to me, “Don’t bother Moab, neither contend with them in battle; for I will not give you any of his land for a possession; because I have given Ar to the children of Lot for a possession.”"
What are the main themes of Deuteronomy 2?+
The main themes of Deuteronomy 2 are God's guidance, Divine providence, Respect for others, Identity and inheritance.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Deuteronomy 2

Study Notes