ScriptureDepth's study of Leviticus 7
“The priest shall burn the fat on the altar, but the breast shall be Aaron’s and his sons’.”
Leviticus 7:31
Yahweh commands that the priest shall burn the fat on the altar, while Aaron and his sons receive the breast, defining their roles in the peace offerings.
What Leviticus 7 is about
Yahweh introduces the law of the trespass offering, requiring it to be killed where the burnt offering is killed and its blood sprinkled on the altar (vv. 1-2). All the fat must be offered, and the priests may eat it in a holy place (vv. 3-6). The priest who makes atonement with it shall receive it. The section on the priestly portions states that the priest offering a burnt offering shall keep its skin (vv. 8-10). The law of peace offerings specifies that offerings for thanksgiving must include unleavened cakes, and the meat must be consumed on the day of the offering (vv. 11-15). If any meat remains until the third day, it is to be burned (vv. 16-18). The people are prohibited from eating fat or blood from any animal (vv. 22-27). Finally, those offering peace offerings must present them with specific waving and heaving processes, and portions are given to the priests (vv. 28-38).
Whoever eats any blood shall be cut off from his people.
Leviticus 7 at a glance
- Leviticus 7:1–7Law of the Trespass Offering
- Leviticus 7:8–10Priestly Portions
- Leviticus 7:11–21Law of Peace Offerings
- Leviticus 7:22–27Prohibitions on Fat and Blood
- Leviticus 7:28–38Waving and Heaving Offerings
Key verse: Leviticus 7:31
One thing to notice
Verses 8-10 outline the portions that priests receive from burnt offerings and meal offerings. These sections clarify the entitlements of the priests and the practice of offering, ensuring that the priests have a designated share from the sacrifices made by the people.
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Chapter text
Read Leviticus 7 (WEB)
Law of the Trespass Offering Leviticus 7:1–7
1Verse 1. “‘This is the law of the trespass offering. It is most holy. 2Verse 2. In the place where they kill the burnt offering, he shall kill the trespass offering; and its blood he shall sprinkle around on the altar. 3Verse 3. He shall offer all of its fat: the fat tail, and the fat that covers the innards, 4Verse 4. and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the cover on the liver, with the kidneys, shall he take away; 5Verse 5. and the priest shall burn them on the altar for an offering made by fire to Yahweh: it is a trespass offering.
6Verse 6. Every male among the priests may eat of it. It shall be eaten in a holy place. It is most holy. 7Verse 7. “‘As is the sin offering, so is the trespass offering; there is one law for them. The priest who makes atonement with them shall have it.
Priestly Portions Leviticus 7:8–10
8Verse 8. The priest who offers any man’s burnt offering, even the priest shall have for himself the skin of the burnt offering which he has offered. 9Verse 9. Every meal offering that is baked in the oven, and all that is dressed in the pan, and on the griddle, shall be the priest’s who offers it. 10Verse 10. Every meal offering, mixed with oil or dry, belongs to all the sons of Aaron, one as well as another.
Law of Peace Offerings Leviticus 7:11–21
11Verse 11. “‘This is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which one shall offer to Yahweh. 12Verse 12. If he offers it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mixed with oil. 13Verse 13. With cakes of leavened bread he shall offer his offering with the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving. 14Verse 14. Of it he shall offer one out of each offering for a heave offering to Yahweh. It shall be the priest’s who sprinkles the blood of the peace offerings. 15Verse 15. The flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten on the day of his offering. He shall not leave any of it until the morning.
16Verse 16. “‘But if the sacrifice of his offering is a vow, or a freewill offering, it shall be eaten on the day that he offers his sacrifice; and on the next day what remains of it shall be eaten: 17Verse 17. but what remains of the meat of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burned with fire. 18Verse 18. If any of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings is eaten on the third day, it will not be accepted, and it shall not be credited to him who offers it. It will be an abomination, and the soul who eats any of it will bear his iniquity.
19Verse 19. “‘The meat that touches any unclean thing shall not be eaten. It shall be burned with fire. As for the meat, everyone who is clean may eat it; 20Verse 20. but the soul who eats of the meat of the sacrifice of peace offerings, that belongs to Yahweh, having his uncleanness on him, that soul shall be cut off from his people. 21Verse 21. When anyone touches any unclean thing, the uncleanness of man, or an unclean animal, or any unclean abomination, and eats some of the meat of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which belong to Yahweh, that soul shall be cut off from his people.’”
Prohibitions on Fat and Blood Leviticus 7:22–27
22Verse 22. Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 23Verse 23. “Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘You shall eat no fat, of bull, or sheep, or goat. 24Verse 24. The fat of that which dies of itself, and the fat of that which is torn of animals, may be used for any other service, but you shall in no way eat of it. 25Verse 25. For whoever eats the fat of the animal, of which men offer an offering made by fire to Yahweh, even the soul who eats it shall be cut off from his people. 26Verse 26. You shall not eat any blood, whether it is of bird or of animal, in any of your dwellings.
27Verse 27. Whoever it is who eats any blood, that soul shall be cut off from his people.’”
Waving and Heaving Offerings Leviticus 7:28–38
28Verse 28. Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 29Verse 29. “Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘He who offers the sacrifice of his peace offerings to Yahweh shall bring his offering to Yahweh out of the sacrifice of his peace offerings. 30Verse 30. With his own hands he shall bring the offerings of Yahweh made by fire. He shall bring the fat with the breast, that the breast may be waved for a wave offering before Yahweh. 31Verse 31. The priest shall burn the fat on the altar, but the breast shall be Aaron’s and his sons’. 32Verse 32. The right thigh you shall give to the priest for a heave offering out of the sacrifices of your peace offerings.
33Verse 33. He among the sons of Aaron who offers the blood of the peace offerings, and the fat, shall have the right thigh for a portion. 34Verse 34. For the waved breast and the heaved thigh I have taken from the children of Israel out of the sacrifices of their peace offerings, and have given them to Aaron the priest and to his sons as their portion forever from the children of Israel.’” 35Verse 35. This is the anointing portion of Aaron, and the anointing portion of his sons, out of the offerings of Yahweh made by fire, in the day when he presented them to minister to Yahweh in the priest’s office;
36Verse 36. which Yahweh commanded to be given them of the children of Israel, in the day that he anointed them. It is their portion forever throughout their generations. 37Verse 37. This is the law of the burnt offering, of the meal offering, and of the sin offering, and of the trespass offering, and of the consecration, and of the sacrifice of peace offerings; 38Verse 38. which Yahweh commanded Moses in Mount Sinai, in the day that he commanded the children of Israel to offer their offerings to Yahweh, in the wilderness of Sinai.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Leviticus 7
Obedience in Worship
In Leviticus 7, obedience in worship is articulated through the specific laws given for offerings. For instance, in v. 1, the ‘law of the trespass offering’ is presented as ‘most holy,’ demanding careful adherence by the priests and people. The chapter outlines exact procedures for sacrifices, emphasizing compliance to divine instructions as central to worship.
Holiness and Sacrifice
Holiness in sacrifice surfaces in the regulations surrounding offerings, particularly in the trespass offering designated as ‘most holy’ in verse 1. This designation indicates the sacred nature required in these acts of worship. Verse 20 states that consuming the ‘meat of the sacrifice of peace offerings’ while unclean results in being ‘cut off from his people,’ illustrating the strict boundaries of holiness that govern acceptable worship practices.
Priestly Mediation
Priestly mediation is a central focus in Leviticus 7, especially regarding how offerings are handled. In v. 8, it is noted that ‘the priest who offers any man’s burnt offering’ receives the skin for himself, underlining the priests’ role in mediating between the people and Yahweh. Furthermore, in v. 34, the offerings given to ‘Aaron the priest and to his sons’ are designated as their portion forever, reinforcing their mediatorial function.
Community and Communion with God
Community and communion with God are integral to the sacrificial system described in this chapter. In vv. 11-15, the peace offerings serve both as acts of thanksgiving and communal meals, where the flesh is to be eaten on the same day, fostering fellowship. The structure of the offerings creates a shared space for worshipers to engage collectively with Yahweh, reinforcing communal ties through shared sacrifices.
Chapter outline
How Leviticus 7 unfolds
Leviticus 7:1–7 Law of the Trespass Offering
The law of the trespass offering establishes it as 'most holy' (v. 1) and delineates specific procedures for its slaughter and offering, including that the priest 'who makes atonement' shall have it (v. 7).
Leviticus 7:8–10 Priestly Portions
The priest who offers a burnt offering receives the skin of the offering (v. 8) while any baked meal offering belongs to the priest as well (v. 9), ensuring their provisions from these offerings.
Leviticus 7:11–21 Law of Peace Offerings
The law of peace offerings outlines requirements for offerings made in thanksgiving (vv. 12-13), detailing how certain portions are to be eaten on the same day to avoid iniquity (v. 18).
Leviticus 7:22–27 Prohibitions on Fat and Blood
Yahweh commands, 'You shall eat no fat, of bull, or sheep, or goat' (v. 23) and warns that 'Whoever it is who eats any blood, that soul shall be cut off from his people' (v. 27).
Leviticus 7:28–38 Waving and Heaving Offerings
Waving and heaving offerings require that the offerer personally bring their offerings (v. 30) with specific portions designated for the priests, ensuring their rightful share from the people's sacrifices (v. 34).
Key verses
Leviticus 7:31Yahweh commands that the priest shall burn the fat on the altar, while Aaron and his sons receive the breast, defining their roles in the peace offerings.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Leviticus 7
- observeIn v6, what does the priest do with the trespass offering?
- observeWhat is the 'law' mentioned in v11 regarding the sacrifice of peace offerings?
- interpretIn v18, what does it mean that eating the meat on the third day makes it an 'abomination'?
- interpretIn v25, why is eating the fat of the offering described as being 'cut off from his people'?
- applyWhen have you felt the need to adhere to specific rules like the 'law' in v11 in your worship?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Leviticus 7
- Leviticus 3Leviticus 7:23 and Leviticus 3:17Both eat no fat: Leviticus 7:23 says, ‘You shall eat no fat,’ while Leviticus 3:17 states, ‘You shall eat neither fat nor blood.’
- Exodus 29Leviticus 7:37 and Exodus 29:1Both law of offerings: Leviticus 7:37 states, ‘This is the law of the burnt offering,’ while Exodus 29:1 commands, ‘This is the thing that you shall do.’
- Numbers 18Leviticus 7:7 and Numbers 18:9Both priest’s most holy things: Leviticus 7:7 states, ‘there is one law for them,’ while Numbers 18:9 declares, ‘this shall be yours of the most holy things.’
- Leviticus 6Leviticus 7:1 and Leviticus 6:17Both is most holy: Leviticus 7:1 says, ‘It is most holy,’ while Leviticus 6:17 states, ‘It is most holy, as the sin offering.’
- Leviticus 22Leviticus 7:20 and Leviticus 22:3Both cut off from his people: Leviticus 7:20 states, ‘that soul shall be cut off from his people,’ while Leviticus 22:3 says, ‘that soul shall be cut off from before me.’
- Leviticus 5Leviticus 7:18 and Leviticus 5:1Both bear his iniquity: Leviticus 7:18 says, ‘the soul who eats any of it will bear his iniquity,’ while Leviticus 5:1 states, ‘he shall bear his iniquity.’
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