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Proverbs 23

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1When you sit to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what is before you; 2put a knife to your throat, if you are a man given to appetite. 3Don’t be desirous of his dainties, since they are deceitful food. 4Don’t weary yourself to be rich. In your wisdom, show restraint. 5Why do you set your eyes on that which is not? For it certainly sprouts wings like an eagle and flies in the sky. 6Don’t eat the food of him who has a stingy eye, and don’t crave his delicacies: 7for as he thinks about the cost, so he is. “Eat and drink!” he says to you, but his heart is not with you. 8The morsel which you have eaten you shall vomit up, and lose your good words. 9Don’t speak in the ears of a fool, for he will despise the wisdom of your words. 10Don’t move the ancient boundary stone. Don’t encroach on the fields of the fatherless: 11for their Defender is strong. He will plead their case against you. 12Apply your heart to instruction, and your ears to the words of knowledge. 13Don’t withhold correction from a child. If you punish him with the rod, he will not die. 14Punish him with the rod, and save his soul from Sheol. 15My son, if your heart is wise, then my heart will be glad, even mine: 16yes, my heart will rejoice, when your lips speak what is right. 17Don’t let your heart envy sinners; but rather fear Yahweh all day long. 18Indeed surely there is a future hope, and your hope will not be cut off. 19Listen, my son, and be wise, and keep your heart on the right path! 20Don’t be among ones drinking too much wine, or those who gorge themselves on meat: 21for the drunkard and the glutton shall become poor; and drowsiness clothes them in rags. 22Listen to your father who gave you life, and don’t despise your mother when she is old. 23Buy the truth, and don’t sell it. Get wisdom, discipline, and understanding. 24The father of the righteous has great joy. Whoever fathers a wise child delights in him. 25Let your father and your mother be glad! Let her who bore you rejoice! 26My son, give me your heart; and let your eyes keep in my ways. 27For a prostitute is a deep pit; and a wayward wife is a narrow well. 28Yes, she lies in wait like a robber, and increases the unfaithful among men. 29Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has strife? Who has complaints? Who has needless bruises? Who has bloodshot eyes? 30Those who stay long at the wine; those who go to seek out mixed wine. 31Don’t look at the wine when it is red, when it sparkles in the cup, when it goes down smoothly. 32In the end, it bites like a snake, and poisons like a viper. 33Your eyes will see strange things, and your mind will imagine confusing things. 34Yes, you will be as he who lies down in the middle of the sea, or as he who lies on top of the rigging: 35“They hit me, and I was not hurt! They beat me, and I don’t feel it! When will I wake up? I can do it again. I can find another.”

World English Bible (public domain)

"Do not let your heart envy sinners, but continue in the fear of the Lord all the day."

Proverbs 23:17

Summary

Proverbs 23 offers guidance on how one should live wisely and avoid foolish behaviors. In the initial verses, there is advice on dining with rulers, highlighting the importance of self-control and restraint. This is followed by warnings about the fleeting nature of wealth and the essential pursuit of wisdom over material riches. The chapter also addresses topics such as disciplining children, highlighting the importance of correction for their well-being. Later sections caution against envying sinners, indulging in excessive drinking, and partaking in gluttony, proposing a life of moderation. The ultimate message is the value of wisdom and integrity in leading a life that is pleasing to God.

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Chapter outline

How Proverbs 23 unfolds

  1. Proverbs 23:1–3 Caution at the Ruler's Table

    The chapter opens with advice on dining with a ruler, urging careful consideration of what is served. It warns against desiring the ruler's fine food, which can be deceptive and lead to harmful consequences.

  2. Proverbs 23:4–8 The Futility of Wealth

    The text advises against the pursuit of wealth, stating that it is fleeting and ultimately unsatisfying. It emphasizes the value of restraint and the dangers of accepting gifts from those who are insincere.

  3. Proverbs 23:9–12 Wisdom and Correction

    The chapter shifts to the importance of wisdom, cautioning against speaking to fools who reject guidance. It encourages a commitment to learning and applying one's heart to instruction.

  4. Proverbs 23:13–18 Parental Guidance and Hope

    This section emphasizes the critical role of parents in disciplining children, advocating for correction as a means of preservation. It contrasts the folly of envy with the hope found in fearing the Lord.

  5. Proverbs 23:19–24 Living Wisely

    Readers are urged to listen to their parents and pursue truth, wisdom, and discipline as key virtues. The joy of parents is linked to the wisdom of their children, reinforcing familial bonds.

  6. Proverbs 23:25–29 The Dangers of Immorality

    The text warns against the allure of immoral relationships, using vivid imagery to illustrate the risks involved. It highlights the dangers of straying from a righteous path.

  7. Proverbs 23:30–35 Consequences of Excess

    The final verses caution against excessive drinking and gluttony, depicting their destructive outcomes. The imagery emphasizes the confusion and pain that result from indulgence.

Key verses

  • Proverbs 23:17This verse encapsulates the chapter's emphasis on the importance of aligning one's heart with the fear of the Lord.

Main themes in Proverbs 23

wisdom

Wisdom is a central theme in Proverbs 23, particularly in verses 12 and 23. The chapter outlines the importance of applying one's heart to instruction and valuing wisdom above all, portraying it as a guiding principle for life. This emphasis reflects the overarching goal of the book, which is to cultivate a wise and righteous character.

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self-control

Self-control appears prominently in the early verses, such as 1-3, which warn against indulging in the delicacies of rulers. The text develops this theme by advising restraint in financial pursuits and in interactions with others. It highlights the necessity of self-discipline to lead a life aligned with wisdom and integrity.

integrity

Integrity is woven throughout Proverbs 23, especially in verses 10-12, which caution against dishonest practices like moving boundary stones. The chapter develops this by presenting the stark contrast between righteous behavior and the pitfalls of greed and deception. Upholding integrity is depicted as essential for a life that pleases God and fosters trust.

discipline

Discipline is highlighted in verses 13-14, where the text instructs on correcting children as a means of saving them from destruction. The chapter complicates this idea by asserting that proper correction is vital, linking it to the overall nurturing of wisdom in the family context. Emphasizing discipline reflects the chapter's call for a balanced approach to upbringing and moral education.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Proverbs 23

Study questions

Questions for studying Proverbs 23

  1. What specific advice is given when dining with a ruler?
  2. How does the chapter describe the fleeting nature of wealth?
  3. What is the significance of disciplining a child according to this chapter?
  4. How does the text portray the consequences of excessive drinking?
  5. What does it mean to buy the truth and not sell it?

Proverbs 23: frequently asked questions

What is Proverbs 23 about?+
Proverbs 23 offers guidance on how one should live wisely and avoid foolish behaviors. In the initial verses, there is advice on dining with rulers, highlighting the importance of self-control and restraint. This is followed by warnings about the fleeting nature of wealth and the essential pursuit of wisdom over material riches. The chapter also addresses topics such as disciplining children, highlighting the importance of correction for their well-being. Later sections caution against envying sinners, indulging in excessive drinking, and partaking in gluttony, proposing a life of moderation. The ultimate message is the value of wisdom and integrity in leading a life that is pleasing to God.
What is the key verse in Proverbs 23?+
Proverbs 23:17: "Don’t let your heart envy sinners; but rather fear Yahweh all day long."
What are the main themes of Proverbs 23?+
The main themes of Proverbs 23 are wisdom, self-control, integrity, discipline.

Related chapters

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Study Notes