1 Kings 2
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1Now the days of David came near that he should die; and he commanded Solomon his son, saying, 2“I am going the way of all the earth. You be strong therefore, and show yourself a man; 3and keep the instruction of Yahweh your God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, his commandments, his ordinances, and his testimonies, according to that which is written in the law of Moses, that you may prosper in all that you do, and wherever you turn yourself. 4Then Yahweh may establish his word which he spoke concerning me, saying, ‘If your children are careful of their way, to walk before me in truth with all their heart and with all their soul, there shall not fail you,’ he said, ‘a man on the throne of Israel.’ 5“Moreover you know also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, even what he did to the two captains of the armies of Israel, to Abner the son of Ner, and to Amasa the son of Jether, whom he killed, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war on his sash that was around his waist, and in his shoes that were on his feet. 6Do therefore according to your wisdom, and don’t let his gray head go down to Sheol in peace. 7But show kindness to the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be among those who eat at your table; for so they came to me when I fled from Absalom your brother. 8“Behold, there is with you Shimei the son of Gera, the Benjamite, of Bahurim, who cursed me with a grievous curse in the day when I went to Mahanaim; but he came down to meet me at the Jordan, and I swore to him by Yahweh, saying, ‘I will not put you to death with the sword.’ 9Now therefore don’t hold him guiltless, for you are a wise man; and you will know what you ought to do to him, and you shall bring his gray head down to Sheol with blood.” 10David slept with his fathers, and was buried in David’s city. 11The days that David reigned over Israel were forty years; he reigned seven years in Hebron, and he reigned thirty-three years in Jerusalem. 12Solomon sat on David his father’s throne; and his kingdom was firmly established. 13Then Adonijah the son of Haggith came to Bathsheba the mother of Solomon. She said, “Do you come peaceably?” He said, “Peaceably. 14He said moreover, I have something to tell you.” She said, “Say on.” 15He said, “You know that the kingdom was mine, and that all Israel set their faces on me, that I should reign. However the kingdom is turned around, and has become my brother’s; for it was his from Yahweh. 16Now I ask one petition of you. Don’t deny me.” She said to him, “Say on.” 17He said, “Please speak to Solomon the king (for he will not tell you ‘no’), that he give me Abishag the Shunammite as wife.” 18Bathsheba said, “Alright. I will speak for you to the king.” 19Bathsheba therefore went to king Solomon, to speak to him for Adonijah. The king rose up to meet her, and bowed himself to her, and sat down on his throne, and caused a throne to be set for the king’s mother; and she sat on his right hand. 20Then she said, “I ask one small petition of you; don’t deny me.” The king said to her, “Ask on, my mother; for I will not deny you.” 21She said, “Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah your brother as wife.” 22King Solomon answered his mother, “Why do you ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? Ask for him the kingdom also; for he is my elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah.” 23Then king Solomon swore by Yahweh, saying, “God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah has not spoken this word against his own life. 24Now therefore as Yahweh lives, who has established me, and set me on my father David’s throne, and who has made me a house as he promised, surely Adonijah shall be put to death today.” 25King Solomon sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he fell on him, so that he died. 26To Abiathar the priest the king said, “Go to Anathoth, to your own fields; for you are worthy of death. But I will not at this time put you to death, because you bore the Lord Yahweh’s ark before David my father, and because you were afflicted in all in which my father was afflicted.” 27So Solomon thrust Abiathar out from being priest to Yahweh, that he might fulfill Yahweh’s word, which he spoke concerning the house of Eli in Shiloh. 28This news came to Joab; for Joab had followed Adonijah, although he didn’t follow Absalom. Joab fled to Yahweh’s Tent, and held onto the horns of the altar. 29King Solomon was told, “Joab has fled to Yahweh’s Tent, and behold, he is by the altar.” Then Solomon sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, saying, “Go, fall on him.” 30Benaiah came to Yahweh’s Tent, and said to him, “Thus says the king, ‘Come out!’” He said, “No; but I will die here.” Benaiah brought the king word again, saying, “Thus said Joab, and thus he answered me.” 31The king said to him, “Do as he has said, and fall on him, and bury him; that you may take away the blood, which Joab shed without cause, from me and from my father’s house. 32Yahweh will return his blood on his own head, because he fell on two men more righteous and better than he, and killed them with the sword, and my father David didn’t know it: Abner the son of Ner, captain of the army of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the army of Judah. 33So their blood will return on the head of Joab, and on the head of his offspring forever. But for David, for his offspring, for his house, and for his throne, there will be peace forever from Yahweh.” 34Then Benaiah the son of Jehoiada went up and fell on him, and killed him; and he was buried in his own house in the wilderness. 35The king put Benaiah the son of Jehoiada in his place over the army; and the king put Zadok the priest in the place of Abiathar. 36The king sent and called for Shimei, and said to him, “Build yourself a house in Jerusalem, and live there, and don’t go anywhere else. 37For on the day you go out and pass over the brook Kidron, know for certain that you will surely die. Your blood will be on your own head.” 38Shimei said to the king, “What you say is good. As my lord the king has said, so will your servant do.” Shimei lived in Jerusalem many days. 39At the end of three years, two of Shimei’s slaves ran away to Achish, son of Maacah, king of Gath. They told Shimei, saying, “Behold, your slaves are in Gath.” 40Shimei arose, saddled his donkey, and went to Gath to Achish, to seek his slaves; and Shimei went, and brought his slaves from Gath. 41Solomon was told that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath, and had come again. 42The king sent and called for Shimei, and said to him, “Didn’t I adjure you by Yahweh, and warn you, saying, ‘Know for certain, that on the day you go out, and walk anywhere else, you shall surely die?’ You said to me, ‘The saying that I have heard is good.’ 43Why then have you not kept the oath of Yahweh, and the commandment that I have instructed you with?” 44The king said moreover to Shimei, “You know in your heart all the wickedness that you did to David my father. Therefore Yahweh will return your wickedness on your own head. 45But king Solomon will be blessed, and David’s throne will be established before Yahweh forever.” 46So the king commanded Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he went out, and fell on him, so that he died. The kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon.
World English Bible (public domain)
“And you will be prosperous if you are careful to observe the statutes and the rules that the Lord commanded Moses for Israel. Be strong, and show yourself a man.”
1 Kings 2:3
Summary
In 1 Kings chapter 2, King David instructs his son Solomon as he prepares to transition the throne to him. David emphasizes the importance of following God’s commandments and walking in His ways to ensure a prosperous reign. He advises Solomon on dealing with specific individuals who are threats to his kingdom, including Joab and Shimei, urging him to act wisely yet decisively. Solomon, filled with the wisdom that God would later grant him, takes his father’s counsel seriously, marking the beginning of a new era in Israel's history. The chapter illustrates the themes of succession, divine guidance, and the need for moral integrity in leadership, highlighting that a ruler's strength is rooted in their relationship with God.
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Chapter outline
How 1 Kings 2 unfolds
1 Kings 2:1–4 David's Final Instructions to Solomon
As David nears death, he advises Solomon to be strong and follow God's commandments. He emphasizes that adhering to these laws will ensure prosperity and the continuance of the throne for his descendants.
1 Kings 2:5–9 Dealing with Joab and Shimei
David warns Solomon about Joab's treachery and instructs him to deal with him wisely, suggesting that Joab should not die peacefully. He also tells Solomon how to handle Shimei, who had previously cursed David.
1 Kings 2:10–12 David's Death and Solomon's Ascension
After David's death, he is buried in Jerusalem, marking the end of his reign. Solomon then takes the throne, establishing his authority over Israel.
1 Kings 2:13–22 Adonijah's Request and Solomon's Response
Adonijah approaches Bathsheba to ask for Abishag as a wife, which is perceived by Solomon as a political threat. Solomon responds firmly, indicating the seriousness of Adonijah's request.
1 Kings 2:23–25 Execution of Adonijah
Solomon swears that Adonijah will be put to death for his request, and he orders his execution through Benaiah, solidifying his control.
1 Kings 2:26–34 Abiathar and Joab's Fate
Solomon spares Abiathar due to his past service but removes him from the priesthood. Joab's execution follows, reflecting Solomon's actions against those who have opposed his leadership.
1 Kings 2:35–46 Shimei's Punishment and Kingdom's Establishment
Solomon commands Shimei to stay in Jerusalem, but after Shimei disobeys, Solomon has him executed. This final act secures Solomon's rule and fulfills the prophetic word regarding his kingdom.
Key verses
1 Kings 2:3The key verse emphasizes the necessity of obedience to God's commands for a successful reign, reflecting the chapter's focus on divine approval for leadership.
Main themes in 1 Kings 2
Leadership and succession
This chapter prominently features the theme of leadership and succession, particularly in David's advice to Solomon in verses 2-4. David's guidance stresses the importance of righteousness and faithfulness to God as foundational to a successful reign. This theme sets the stage for the transitions in leadership and the challenges Solomon will face as he begins his rule.
Divine guidance
Divine guidance is evident as David refers to God's promises about the future of his lineage in verses 4 and 12. Solomon's actions throughout the chapter, particularly in following David's counsel and seeking divine favor, reveal the necessity of relying on God's direction for effective governance. This reliance on God underscores the principle that true leadership aligns with His will.
Obedience to God's commandments
The importance of obedience to God's commandments is highlighted in David's charge to Solomon in verses 2-3. David articulates that adherence to these laws will lead to prosperity and stability for the kingdom. This theme reinforces the idea that moral integrity and faithfulness to God's word are essential for leaders in Israel.
Justice and discretion in governance
Justice and discretion are key themes, especially in how Solomon is advised to deal with threats like Joab and Shimei in verses 5-9. Solomon's decisions reflect the need for wise judgment in governance, balancing mercy and justice. This theme illustrates that effective leadership involves making tough decisions to maintain order and righteousness.
Cross-references
Passages that echo 1 Kings 2
- 1 Kings 1This passage connects as it details the events leading to Solomon's ascension, including Adonijah's attempt to claim the throne.
- 2 Samuel 3The background of Joab's treachery in this chapter highlights the ongoing conflict between different factions in David's reign.
- 2 Samuel 19This earlier chapter provides context for Shimei's relationship with David, establishing why his actions are significant in Solomon's reign.
- 1 Kings 3Connecting Solomon's request for wisdom from God to the themes of leadership established in this chapter further develops his character.
- 1 Corinthians 16While different in context, the theme of establishing authority and leadership resonates across these passages, highlighting the importance of strong leadership.
- 1 Chronicles 29This chapter echoes themes of royal succession and divine guidance seen in David's preparation for Solomon's reign.
Study questions
Questions for studying 1 Kings 2
- What does David instruct Solomon to do in verses 2-3?
- How does Solomon respond to Adonijah’s request in verse 22?
- What reasons does Solomon give for executing Adonijah?
- What is the significance of Abiathar's removal as priest?
- How does Shimei's disobedience demonstrate the consequences of breaking an oath?
- In what ways does this chapter establish Solomon's authority as king?
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