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1 Samuel 28

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1In those days, the Philistines gathered their armies together for warfare, to fight with Israel. Achish said to David, “Know assuredly that you will go out with me in the army, you and your men.” 2David said to Achish, “Therefore you will know what your servant can do.” Achish said to David, “Therefore I will make you my bodyguard forever.” 3Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had mourned for him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city. Saul had sent away those who had familiar spirits and the wizards out of the land. 4The Philistines gathered themselves together, and came and encamped in Shunem; and Saul gathered all Israel together, and they encamped in Gilboa. 5When Saul saw the army of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart trembled greatly. 6When Saul inquired of Yahweh, Yahweh didn’t answer him by dreams, by Urim, or by prophets. 7Then Saul said to his servants, “Seek for me a woman who has a familiar spirit, that I may go to her, and inquire of her.” His servants said to him, “Behold, there is a woman who has a familiar spirit at Endor.” 8Saul disguised himself and put on other clothing, and went, he and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night. Then he said, “Please consult for me by the familiar spirit, and bring me up whomever I shall name to you.” 9The woman said to him, “Behold, you know what Saul has done, how he has cut off those who have familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land. Why then do you lay a snare for my life, to cause me to die?” 10Saul swore to her by Yahweh, saying, “As Yahweh lives, no punishment will happen to you for this thing.” 11Then the woman said, “Whom shall I bring up to you?” He said, “Bring Samuel up for me.” 12When the woman saw Samuel, she cried with a loud voice; and the woman spoke to Saul, saying, “Why have you deceived me? For you are Saul!” 13The king said to her, “Don’t be afraid! What do you see?” The woman said to Saul, “I see a god coming up out of the earth.” 14He said to her, “What does he look like?” She said, “An old man comes up. He is covered with a robe.” Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground, and showed respect. 15Samuel said to Saul, “Why have you disturbed me, to bring me up?” Saul answered, “I am very distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God has departed from me, and answers me no more, by prophets, or by dreams. Therefore I have called you, that you may make known to me what I shall do.” 16Samuel said, “Why then do you ask me, since Yahweh has departed from you and has become your adversary? 17Yahweh has done to you as he spoke by me. Yahweh has torn the kingdom out of your hand, and given it to your neighbor, even to David. 18Because you didn’t obey Yahweh’s voice, and didn’t execute his fierce wrath on Amalek, therefore Yahweh has done this thing to you today. 19Moreover Yahweh will deliver Israel also with you into the hand of the Philistines; and tomorrow you and your sons will be with me. Yahweh will deliver the army of Israel also into the hand of the Philistines.” 20Then Saul fell immediately his full length on the earth, and was terrified, because of Samuel’s words. There was no strength in him; for he had eaten no bread all day long or all night long. 21The woman came to Saul, and saw that he was very troubled, and said to him, “Behold, your servant has listened to your voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have listened to your words which you spoke to me. 22Now therefore, please listen also to the voice of your servant, and let me set a morsel of bread before you. Eat, that you may have strength, when you go on your way.” 23But he refused, and said, “I will not eat.” But his servants, together with the woman, constrained him; and he listened to their voice. So he arose from the earth and sat on the bed. 24The woman had a fattened calf in the house. She hurried and killed it; and she took flour, and kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread of it. 25She brought it before Saul, and before his servants; and they ate. Then they rose up, and went away that night.

World English Bible (public domain)

And Samuel said, "Why then do you ask me, since the Lord has turned from you and become your enemy?" (1 Samuel 28:16)

1 Samuel 28:16

Summary

In 1 Samuel chapter 28, we find King Saul in a desperate situation. Facing the Philistine army and feeling abandoned by God, Saul seeks guidance but finds that the Lord has stopped answering him through dreams, prophets, or Urim. In his anguish, Saul turns to a medium, the Witch of Endor, to summon the deceased prophet Samuel for counsel. This act of seeking the dead is significant, as it reflects Saul's deep despair and his unwillingness to trust in God’s plan. When the spirit of Samuel appears, he delivers a sobering message to Saul, reminding him of his disobedience to God and the consequences that would follow, including his impending defeat and death.

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Chapter outline

How 1 Samuel 28 unfolds

  1. 1 Samuel 28:1–2 Philistines Prepare for Battle

    The Philistines gather for war against Israel, and Achish informs David that he will join the army as a bodyguard.

  2. 1 Samuel 28:3–7 Saul's Despair and Disobedience

    After the death of Samuel, Saul feels abandoned as he cannot receive guidance from God, leading him to seek a medium.

  3. 1 Samuel 28:8–14 Consulting the Medium

    Saul disguises himself to visit a woman with a familiar spirit, asking her to summon Samuel's spirit.

  4. 1 Samuel 28:15–19 Samuel's Distressing Message

    Upon appearing, Samuel rebukes Saul for his disobedience and foretells Saul's demise and Israel's defeat.

  5. 1 Samuel 28:20–25 Saul's Weakness and Farewell

    Overcome by fear, Saul receives comfort and food from the medium before departing into the night.

Key verses

  • 1 Samuel 28:16Samuel's question captures the essence of Saul's tragic choices and God's rejection, summarizing the chapter's main themes.

Main themes in 1 Samuel 28

Desperation and hopelessness

This theme surfaces as Saul, filled with fear and despair, turns to a medium for guidance in verse 7. His sense of desperation is underscored by his acknowledgment of being abandoned by God, which is evident in verses 6-15. The chapter develops this theme by illustrating Saul's inability to find peace or direction, ultimately highlighting the profound hopelessness that accompanies his impending fate.

The consequences of disobedience

Saul's disobedience to God is addressed in verses 17-18, where Samuel reminds him of his failed mission against Amalek. Saul’s actions lead to devastating results, including the loss of his kingdom, reflecting the serious consequences of straying from God's commands. The chapter serves as a stark warning about the repercussions of disobedience.

The danger of seeking guidance outside of God

Saul’s decision to consult a medium in verse 7 brings to light the theme of seeking guidance outside of divine means. This critical turning point reveals Saul’s abandonment of faith in God, which further contributes to his tragic downfall. The narrative warns that reliance on forbidden practices, rather than seeking God's guidance, leads to dire consequences and deepens one's separation from divine support.

God's sovereignty even in judgment

God’s sovereignty is evident when Samuel delivers a message of judgment against Saul in verses 16-19. Despite Saul’s desperate plea, God's plan unfolds according to divine justice, showing that His authority prevails even in moments of despair. The chapter emphasizes that God remains in control, even when faced with human rebellion.

Cross-references

Passages that echo 1 Samuel 28

Study questions

Questions for studying 1 Samuel 28

  1. What prompted Saul to seek the medium at Endor?
  2. How does Saul's fear influence his actions throughout the chapter?
  3. What does Samuel's appearance reveal about God's response to Saul?
  4. In what ways does this chapter highlight Saul's disobedience?
  5. How does the encounter with the medium reflect Saul's state of mind?

1 Samuel 28: frequently asked questions

What is 1 Samuel 28 about?+
In 1 Samuel chapter 28, we find King Saul in a desperate situation. Facing the Philistine army and feeling abandoned by God, Saul seeks guidance but finds that the Lord has stopped answering him through dreams, prophets, or Urim. In his anguish, Saul turns to a medium, the Witch of Endor, to summon the deceased prophet Samuel for counsel. This act of seeking the dead is significant, as it reflects Saul's deep despair and his unwillingness to trust in God’s plan. When the spirit of Samuel appears, he delivers a sobering message to Saul, reminding him of his disobedience to God and the consequences that would follow, including his impending defeat and death.
What is the key verse in 1 Samuel 28?+
1 Samuel 28:16: "And Samuel said, "Why then do you ask me, since the Lord has turned from you and become your enemy?" (1 Samuel 28:16)"
What are the main themes of 1 Samuel 28?+
The main themes of 1 Samuel 28 are Desperation and hopelessness, The consequences of disobedience, The danger of seeking guidance outside of God, God's sovereignty even in judgment.

Related chapters

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Study Notes