ScriptureDepth's study of 2 Chronicles 35
“So all the service of Yahweh was prepared the same day, to keep the Passover, and to offer burnt offerings on Yahweh’s altar, according to the commandment of king Josiah.”
2 Chronicles 35:16
Josiah commands that all the service of Yahweh be prepared to keep the Passover, which sets in motion the fulfillment of this significant celebration.
What 2 Chronicles 35 is about
2 Chronicles chapter 35 recounts the celebration of Passover during the reign of King Josiah, a pivotal event demonstrating the king's faithfulness to God and his desire to restore proper worship in Judah. Josiah organized the observance with great attention to detail, ensuring that the priests and Levites were prepared and that the sacrifices were made according to the Law of Moses. The chapter highlights the communal aspect of worship, as all the people from Judah and even those from Israel were invited, emphasizing their unity in covenant relationship with God.
The chapter also notes the importance of the Passover festival as a remembrance of God's deliverance of His people from Egypt, underscoring the historical and theological significance of remembering God's saving acts. Josiah's reforms and his heartfelt commitment to follow God stand as a testament to his leadership and devotion, contrasting sharply with the spiritual decline that had characterized previous kings.
Furthermore, the successful celebration of Passover is marked by a sense of joy and reverence among the people, indicating a renewed desire to come together in worship and to honor God in a way that had not been seen for generations. This chapter serves as an invitation for believers to reflect on the importance of communal worship and the power of remembering God's past faithfulness in our lives.
2 Chronicles 35 at a glance
- 2 Chronicles 35:1–2Josiah's Passover Preparation
- 2 Chronicles 35:3–6Instructions to the Priests and Levites
- 2 Chronicles 35:7–9Offerings for the Passover
- 2 Chronicles 35:10–16Execution of the Passover
- 2 Chronicles 35:17–19Observance of Passover
- 2 Chronicles 35:20–24Josiah's Conflict with Neco
- 2 Chronicles 35:25–27Lament for Josiah
Key verse: 2 Chronicles 35:16
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read 2 Chronicles 35 (WEB)
Josiah's Passover Preparation 2 Chronicles 35:1–2
1Verse 1. Josiah kept a Passover to Yahweh in Jerusalem. They killed the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month. 2Verse 2. He set the priests in their offices, and encouraged them in the service of Yahweh’s house.
Instructions to the Priests and Levites 2 Chronicles 35:3–6
3Verse 3. He said to the Levites who taught all Israel, who were holy to Yahweh, “Put the holy ark in the house which Solomon the son of David king of Israel built. It will no longer be a burden on your shoulders. Now serve Yahweh your God, and his people Israel. 4Verse 4. Prepare yourselves after your fathers’ houses by your divisions, according to the writing of David king of Israel, and according to the writing of Solomon his son. 5Verse 5. Stand in the holy place according to the divisions of the fathers’ houses of your brothers the children of the people, and let there be for each a portion of a fathers’ house of the Levites.
6Verse 6. Kill the Passover, sanctify yourselves, and prepare for your brothers, to do according to Yahweh’s word by Moses.”
Offerings for the Passover 2 Chronicles 35:7–9
7Verse 7. Josiah gave to the children of the people, of the flock, lambs and young goats, all of them for the Passover offerings, to all who were present, to the number of thirty thousand, and three thousand bulls. These were of the king’s substance. 8Verse 8. His princes gave for a freewill offering to the people, to the priests, and to the Levites. Hilkiah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, the rulers of God’s house, gave to the priests for the Passover offerings two thousand six hundred small livestock, and three hundred head of cattle. 9Verse 9. Conaniah also, and Shemaiah and Nethanel, his brothers, and Hashabiah, Jeiel, and Jozabad, the chiefs of the Levites, gave to the Levites for the Passover offerings five thousand small livestock and five hundred head of cattle.
Execution of the Passover 2 Chronicles 35:10–16
10Verse 10. So the service was prepared, and the priests stood in their place, and the Levites by their divisions, according to the king’s commandment. 11Verse 11. They killed the Passover, and the priests sprinkled the blood which they received of their hand, and the Levites flayed them. 12Verse 12. They removed the burnt offerings, that they might give them according to the divisions of the fathers’ houses of the children of the people, to offer to Yahweh, as it is written in the book of Moses. They did the same with the cattle. 13Verse 13. They roasted the Passover with fire according to the ordinance. They boiled the holy offerings in pots, in cauldrons, and in pans, and carried them quickly to all the children of the people.
14Verse 14. Afterward they prepared for themselves and for the priests, because the priests the sons of Aaron were busy with offering the burnt offerings and the fat until night. Therefore the Levites prepared for themselves and for the priests the sons of Aaron. 15Verse 15. The singers the sons of Asaph were in their place, according to the commandment of David, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun the king’s seer; and the gatekeepers were at every gate. They didn’t need to depart from their service, because their brothers the Levites prepared for them. 16Verse 16. So all the service of Yahweh was prepared the same day, to keep the Passover, and to offer burnt offerings on Yahweh’s altar, according to the commandment of king Josiah.
Observance of Passover 2 Chronicles 35:17–19
17Verse 17. The children of Israel who were present kept the Passover at that time, and the feast of unleavened bread seven days. 18Verse 18. There was no Passover like that kept in Israel from the days of Samuel the prophet, nor did any of the kings of Israel keep such a Passover as Josiah kept, with the priests, the Levites, and all Judah and Israel who were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. 19Verse 19. This passover was kept in the eighteenth year of the reign of Josiah.
Josiah's Conflict with Neco 2 Chronicles 35:20–24
20Verse 20. After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Neco king of Egypt went up to fight against Carchemish by the Euphrates, and Josiah went out against him. 21Verse 21. But he sent ambassadors to him, saying, “What have I to do with you, you king of Judah? I come not against you today, but against the house with which I have war. God has commanded me to make haste. Beware that it is God who is with me, that he not destroy you.” 22Verse 22. Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised himself, that he might fight with him, and didn’t listen to the words of Neco from the mouth of God, and came to fight in the valley of Megiddo.
23Verse 23. The archers shot at king Josiah; and the king said to his servants, “Take me away, because I am seriously wounded!” 24Verse 24. So his servants took him out of the chariot, and put him in the second chariot that he had, and brought him to Jerusalem; and he died, and was buried in the tombs of his fathers. All Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah.
Lament for Josiah 2 Chronicles 35:25–27
25Verse 25. Jeremiah lamented for Josiah, and all the singing men and singing women spoke of Josiah in their lamentations to this day; and they made them an ordinance in Israel. Behold, they are written in the lamentations. 26Verse 26. Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and his good deeds, according to that which is written in Yahweh’s law, 27Verse 27. and his acts, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in 2 Chronicles 35
Worship and Sacrifice
In this chapter, worship and sacrifice are central as Josiah organizes a significant Passover celebration. He instructs the Levites to 'put the holy ark in the house' and prepares the people to 'sanctify yourselves' (vv. 3-6). The execution of the Passover includes the priests sprinkling blood and the Levites flaying the sacrifices (v. 11). The chapter concludes with a description of a Passover celebration unmatched since the days of Samuel (v. 18).
Covenantal Faithfulness
Josiah's actions display a commitment to the covenant established with Israel. He prepares the temple and reinstates the Passover observance as prescribed in the law, instructing the priests and Levites to 'do according to Yahweh's word by Moses' (v. 6). His dedication to these covenantal practices culminates in a celebration of the Passover that honors the historical relationship between Israel and God (v. 19). Josiah's faithfulness manifests in the unique observance of this festival.
Community in Faith
The chapter depicts a collective effort from the community of Israel in the observance of Passover. Josiah's instructions to 'prepare yourselves after your fathers' houses' (v. 4) imply a structured participation. The Levites and priests work together to ensure the offerings are made correctly, with the entire assembly 'kept the Passover at that time' (v. 17). This shared responsibility fosters unity among the people of Judah and Israel.
Remembrance of God's Deliverance
Remembrance is integral to the chapter as the observance of Passover calls to mind God's past deliverance from Egypt. Josiah's detailed preparations and offerings, along with those of the people, serve as a communal act of remembering God's deliverance (v. 6). The text notes that no Passover like this had been celebrated since the days of Samuel (v. 18), indicating the significance of this remembrance in the history of Israel.
Chapter outline
How 2 Chronicles 35 unfolds
2 Chronicles 35:1–2 Josiah's Passover Preparation
Josiah initiates a Passover celebration in Jerusalem, killing the Passover lambs on the fourteenth day of the first month, and he organizes the priests for their duties (vv. 1-2).
2 Chronicles 35:3–6 Instructions to the Priests and Levites
Josiah instructs the Levites to place the holy ark in the temple and encourages them to carry out their service according to the writings of David and Solomon (vv. 3-6).
2 Chronicles 35:7–9 Offerings for the Passover
Josiah provides a substantial number of lambs and young goats for the Passover offerings, while his officials contribute additional livestock to support the celebration (vv. 7-9).
2 Chronicles 35:10–16 Execution of the Passover
The priests and Levites fulfill their roles during the Passover, including killing the lambs and preparing the offerings according to the established commands (vv. 10-16).
2 Chronicles 35:17–19 Observance of Passover
The children of Israel present kept the Passover and the feast of unleavened bread for seven days, marking it as unique since 'the days of Samuel the prophet' and unparalleled in Josiah's reign (vv. 17-19).
2 Chronicles 35:20–24 Josiah's Conflict with Neco
Josiah confronts Neco king of Egypt, who warns him that he is not an enemy, but Josiah chooses to fight, ultimately leading to his fatal injury (vv. 20-24).
2 Chronicles 35:25–27 Lament for Josiah
Jeremiah lamented for Josiah, with singing men and women making lamentations an ordinance in Israel, which are written in the lamentations, along with Josiah's acts recorded in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah (vv. 25-27).
Key verses
2 Chronicles 35:16Josiah commands that all the service of Yahweh be prepared to keep the Passover, which sets in motion the fulfillment of this significant celebration.
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Study questions
Questions for studying 2 Chronicles 35
- observeIn v6, why does Josiah instruct the people to 'sanctify yourselves'?
- observeWhat offerings does Josiah give to the people in v7 for the Passover?
- interpretJosiah’s actions in v22: what does his refusal to heed Neco's warning suggest about his character?
- interpretThe lamentation for Josiah in v25: why is his death met with such deep mourning from the people?
- applyWhen have you felt compelled to act against advice, like Josiah did in v22?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo 2 Chronicles 35
- 2 Chronicles 302 Chronicles 35:10 and 2 Chronicles 30:16Both stood in their place: 2 Chronicles 35:10 says the priests stood in their place, while 2 Chronicles 30:16 says the priests stood in their place after their order.
- 2 Chronicles 292 Chronicles 35:6 and 2 Chronicles 29:5Both sanctify yourselves: 2 Chronicles 35:6 commands to sanctify yourselves, while 2 Chronicles 29:5 also instructs to sanctify yourselves.
- Ezra 62 Chronicles 35:17 and Ezra 6:22Both kept the feast: 2 Chronicles 35:17 states the children of Israel kept the Passover, while Ezra 6:22 says they kept the feast of unleavened bread with joy.
- 2 Kings 232 Chronicles 35:20 and 2 Kings 23:29Both king Josiah went out: 2 Chronicles 35:20 says Josiah went out against him, while 2 Kings 23:29 mentions Josiah going against him.
- Exodus 122 Chronicles 35:1 and Exodus 12:6Both kill it: 2 Chronicles 35:1 states they killed the Passover, while Exodus 12:6 mentions the whole assembly shall kill it.
- 1 Kings 222 Chronicles 35:23 and 1 Kings 22:34Both king was wounded: 2 Chronicles 35:23 says the archers shot at king Josiah, while 1 Kings 22:34 says a man struck the king of Israel.
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- 2 Chronicles: the whole bookSecond Chronicles runs from Solomon's golden age to Cyrus's decree of return — Judah's entire royal history…
- Full Year Chronological Bible, day 198Day 198 of 365: 2 Chronicles 33–35.
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