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ScriptureDepth's study of Deuteronomy 22

You shall not see your brother’s ox or his sheep go astray, and hide yourself from them. You shall surely bring them again to your brother.

Deuteronomy 22:1

Moses commands the Israelites to care for lost property, instructing them to return a brother's 'ox' or 'sheep' instead of ignoring the situation.

What Deuteronomy 22 is about

Those who find their brother’s lost ox or sheep must not hide from the responsibility to return them (vv. 1-3). If the owner is not nearby, they must keep the lost items until he comes. The same applies to donkeys and garments. Women must not wear men’s clothing, nor men women’s clothing, as these actions are seen as abominable to Yahweh (vv. 5-6). When building a new house, a railing is required on the roof to prevent accidents (v. 8). Various agricultural regulations prohibit mixing seeds and animals in fields (vv. 9-11). If a man marries a woman and later claims she is not a virgin, her parents must prove otherwise (vv. 13-17). Adulterers face death (vv. 22-24), while a man who forces a pledged woman in the field shall die alone (vv. 25-27). Finally, a man who lies with an unpledged virgin must marry her and cannot divorce her (vv. 28-30).

The laws establish clear guidelines for community responsibility and conduct in relationships.

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Deuteronomy 22 at a glance

  1. Deuteronomy 22:1–4Caring for Lost Property
  2. Deuteronomy 22:5–12Laws on Clothing and Agriculture
  3. Deuteronomy 22:13–21Marriage and Virginity Claims
  4. Deuteronomy 22:22–27Adultery and Punishment
  5. Deuteronomy 22:28–30Regulations on Consent and Relationships

Key verse: Deuteronomy 22:1

Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.

Chapter text

Read Deuteronomy 22 (WEB)

Caring for Lost Property Deuteronomy 22:1–4

Verse 1. You shall not see your brother’s ox or his sheep go astray, and hide yourself from them. You shall surely bring them again to your brother. Verse 2. If your brother isn’t near to you, or if you don’t know him, then you shall bring it home to your house, and it shall be with you until your brother comes looking for it, and you shall restore it to him. Verse 3. So you shall do with his donkey. So you shall do with his garment. So you shall do with every lost thing of your brother’s, which he has lost, and you have found. You may not hide yourself.

Verse 4. You shall not see your brother’s donkey or his ox fallen down by the way, and hide yourself from them. You shall surely help him to lift them up again.

Laws on Clothing and Agriculture Deuteronomy 22:5–12

Verse 5. A woman shall not wear men’s clothing, neither shall a man put on women’s clothing; for whoever does these things is an abomination to Yahweh your God. Verse 6. If you come across a bird’s nest on the way, in any tree or on the ground, with young ones or eggs, and the hen sitting on the young, or on the eggs, you shall not take the hen with the young. Verse 7. You shall surely let the hen go, but the young you may take for yourself; that it may be well with you, and that you may prolong your days. Verse 8. When you build a new house, then you shall make a railing around your roof, so that you don’t bring blood on your house if anyone falls from there.

Verse 9. You shall not sow your vineyard with two kinds of seed, lest all the fruit be defiled, the seed which you have sown, and the increase of the vineyard. Verse 10. You shall not plow with an ox and a donkey together. Verse 11. You shall not wear clothes of wool and linen woven together. Verse 12. You shall make yourselves fringes on the four corners of your cloak with which you cover yourself.

Marriage and Virginity Claims Deuteronomy 22:13–21

Verse 13. If any man takes a wife, and goes in to her, hates her, Verse 14. accuses her of shameful things, and gives her a bad name, and says, “I took this woman, and when I came near to her, I didn’t find in her the tokens of virginity”; Verse 15. then the young lady’s father and mother shall take and bring the tokens of the young lady’s virginity to the elders of the city in the gate. Verse 16. The young lady’s father shall tell the elders, “I gave my daughter to this man as his wife, and he hates her. Verse 17. Behold, he has accused her of shameful things, saying, ‘I didn’t find in your daughter the tokens of virginity;’ and yet these are the tokens of my daughter’s virginity.” They shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city.

Verse 18. The elders of that city shall take the man and chastise him. Verse 19. They shall fine him one hundred shekels of silver, and give them to the father of the young lady, because he has given a bad name to a virgin of Israel. She shall be his wife. He may not put her away all his days. Verse 20. But if this thing is true, that the tokens of virginity were not found in the young lady; Verse 21. then they shall bring out the young lady to the door of her father’s house, and the men of her city shall stone her to death with stones, because she has done folly in Israel, to play the prostitute in her father’s house. So you shall remove the evil from among you.

Adultery and Punishment Deuteronomy 22:22–27

Verse 22. If a man is found lying with a woman married to a husband, then they shall both die, the man who lay with the woman and the woman. So you shall remove the evil from Israel. Verse 23. If there is a young lady who is a virgin pledged to be married to a husband, and a man finds her in the city, and lies with her; Verse 24. then you shall bring them both out to the gate of that city, and you shall stone them to death with stones; the lady, because she didn’t cry, being in the city; and the man, because he has humbled his neighbor’s wife. So you shall remove the evil from among you.

Verse 25. But if the man finds the lady who is pledged to be married in the field, and the man forces her, and lies with her; then only the man who lay with her shall die; Verse 26. but to the lady you shall do nothing. There is in the lady no sin worthy of death; for as when a man rises against his neighbor, and kills him, even so is this matter; Verse 27. for he found her in the field, the pledged to be married lady cried, and there was no one to save her.

Regulations on Consent and Relationships Deuteronomy 22:28–30

Verse 28. If a man finds a lady who is a virgin, who is not pledged to be married, grabs her, and lies with her, and they are found; Verse 29. then the man who lay with her shall give to the lady’s father fifty shekels of silver. She shall be his wife, because he has humbled her. He may not put her away all his days. Verse 30. A man shall not take his father’s wife, and shall not uncover his father’s skirt.

World English Bible (public domain)

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Main themes in Deuteronomy 22

Responsibility towards others

In verses 1-4, the text commands individuals to assist their neighbors with lost property, indicating a communal obligation to help. For example, if a brother's 'ox or his sheep go astray,' one must 'bring them again to your brother.' This theme of responsibility extends to various situations, including aiding those in need, thus fostering a sense of community and accountability among the people.

Sexual purity

Verses 13-21 discuss the serious matter of virginity and reputation within marriage. If a man accuses his wife of shameful things, the woman's family must present proof of her virginity, leading to consequences for false accusations. The chapter moves towards strict consequences for sexual immorality, demonstrating societal expectations of purity and the severe repercussions for those who violate these standards.

Justice and community

The chapter outlines various laws that serve to maintain justice within the community, particularly in verses 22-27. When cases of adultery or forced relations arise, the prescribed penalties aim to protect societal integrity. For instance, if a man lies with a married woman, both are to be executed, reinforcing a strong communal stance against such acts, thereby striving to eliminate evil from Israel.

God's design for relationships

Verses 28-30 address relationships and consent, particularly in the context of unmarried individuals. If a man lies with a virgin who is not pledged, he is required to pay her father and marry her. This establishes regulations around lawful relationships, articulating the societal expectations for marriage and respect that are foundational to interpersonal conduct.

Chapter outline

How Deuteronomy 22 unfolds

  1. Deuteronomy 22:1–4 Caring for Lost Property

    A person who finds their brother's lost property is commanded to return it without hiding (vv. 1-3). If a brother's animal is in distress, the finder must help lift it (v. 4).

  2. Deuteronomy 22:5–12 Laws on Clothing and Agriculture

    The text establishes that a woman must not wear men’s clothing, nor a man women’s clothing, which is deemed an abomination (v. 5). Various agricultural rules are set, such as not mixing seeds or animals in plowing (vv. 9-11).

  3. Deuteronomy 22:13–21 Marriage and Virginity Claims

    If a man marries a woman and later accuses her of shameful acts, her parents present the tokens of her virginity to the elders (vv. 13-17). If the accusation is false, the man pays a fine and must keep her as his wife (v. 19).

  4. Deuteronomy 22:22–27 Adultery and Punishment

    The law details punishments for adultery, stating both parties involved must die (v. 22). In cases of city or field encounters with a pledged woman, varying consequences apply based on the circumstances (vv. 23-25).

  5. Deuteronomy 22:28–30 Regulations on Consent and Relationships

    If a man rapes a virgin not pledged to another, he must pay her father fifty shekels of silver and marry her, as she shall be his wife forever (v. 29). A man must not take his father's wife (v. 30).

Key verses

  • Deuteronomy 22:1Moses commands the Israelites to care for lost property, instructing them to return a brother's 'ox' or 'sheep' instead of ignoring the situation.

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Study questions

Questions for studying Deuteronomy 22

Uses your daily Ask questions.

  1. observeIn v9, what types of seed are mentioned as being forbidden to sow together?
  2. observeWhat does the term 'tokens of virginity' in v17 refer to in this chapter?
  3. interpretIn vv. 20-21, what are the implications for a woman if 'the tokens of virginity' are not found?
  4. interpretThe case in vv. 23-24 describes two different locations for sin; what does this suggest about accountability?
  5. applyWhen have you witnessed someone hiding from responsibility, as suggested in v1's instruction to not 'hide yourself'?

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Cross-references

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Deuteronomy 22: frequently asked questions

What is Deuteronomy 22 about?+
Those who find their brother’s lost ox or sheep must not hide from the responsibility to return them (vv. 1-3).
What is the key verse in Deuteronomy 22?+
Deuteronomy 22:1: “You shall not see your brother’s ox or his sheep go astray, and hide yourself from them. You shall surely bring them again to your brother.”
What are the main themes of Deuteronomy 22?+
The main themes of Deuteronomy 22 are Responsibility towards others, Sexual purity, Justice and community, God's design for relationships.

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Study Notes