ScriptureDepth's study of Exodus 39
“Of the blue, purple, and scarlet, they made finely worked garments, for ministering in the holy place, and made the holy garments for Aaron; as Yahweh commanded Moses.”
Exodus 39:1
Yahweh commands Moses about the making of the holy garments for Aaron, which are essential for ministering in the holy place as stated in verse 1.
What Exodus 39 is about
The people made holy garments for Aaron, using blue, purple, scarlet, and fine linen (vv. 1-5). They created the ephod, including shoulder straps and a skillfully woven band, as Yahweh commanded Moses (vv. 1-5). The onyx stones engraved with the names of the children of Israel were attached to the ephod (vv. 6-7). A breastplate was made with twelve stones representing the tribes (vv. 8-14). They constructed the robe of the ephod from blue material and adorned it with pomegranates and bells (vv. 22-26). Additional garments were made for Aaron and his sons, including a turban and a holy crown inscribed with 'HOLY TO YAHWEH' (vv. 27-31). The children of Israel finished all work on the tabernacle and its furnishings (vv. 32-41). Moses inspected their work and blessed them for completing it as commanded (vv. 42-43).
The children of Israel acted according to all that Yahweh commanded Moses.
Exodus 39 at a glance
- Exodus 39:1–5Making the Holy Garments
- Exodus 39:6–21Details of the Ephod and Breastplate
- Exodus 39:22–26The Robe and Its Accessories
- Exodus 39:27–31Additional Priestly Garments
- Exodus 39:32–43Completion and Presentation of the Tabernacle
Key verse: Exodus 39:1
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Exodus 39 (WEB)
Making the Holy Garments Exodus 39:1–5
1Verse 1. Of the blue, purple, and scarlet, they made finely worked garments, for ministering in the holy place, and made the holy garments for Aaron; as Yahweh commanded Moses. 2Verse 2. He made the ephod of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen. 3Verse 3. They beat the gold into thin plates, and cut it into wires, to work it in with the blue, the purple, the scarlet, and the fine linen, the work of the skillful workman. 4Verse 4. They made shoulder straps for it, joined together. At the two ends it was joined together. 5Verse 5. The skillfully woven band that was on it, with which to fasten it on, was of the same piece, like its work; of gold, of blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen; as Yahweh commanded Moses.
Details of the Ephod and Breastplate Exodus 39:6–21
6Verse 6. They worked the onyx stones, enclosed in settings of gold, engraved with the engravings of a signet, according to the names of the children of Israel. 7Verse 7. He put them on the shoulder straps of the ephod, to be stones of memorial for the children of Israel, as Yahweh commanded Moses. 8Verse 8. He made the breastplate, the work of a skillful workman, like the work of the ephod; of gold, of blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen. 9Verse 9. It was square. They made the breastplate double. Its length was a span, and its width a span, being double. 10Verse 10. They set in it four rows of stones. A row of ruby, topaz, and beryl was the first row;
11Verse 11. and the second row, a turquoise, a sapphire, and an emerald; 12Verse 12. and the third row, a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst; 13Verse 13. and the fourth row, a chrysolite, an onyx, and a jasper. They were enclosed in gold settings. 14Verse 14. The stones were according to the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names; like the engravings of a signet, everyone according to his name, for the twelve tribes. 15Verse 15. They made on the breastplate chains like cords, of braided work of pure gold. 16Verse 16. They made two settings of gold, and two gold rings, and put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate.
17Verse 17. They put the two braided chains of gold in the two rings at the ends of the breastplate. 18Verse 18. The other two ends of the two braided chains they put on the two settings, and put them on the shoulder straps of the ephod, in its front. 19Verse 19. They made two rings of gold, and put them on the two ends of the breastplate, on its edge, which was toward the side of the ephod inward. 20Verse 20. They made two more rings of gold, and put them on the two shoulder straps of the ephod underneath, in its front, close by its coupling, above the skillfully woven band of the ephod.
21Verse 21. They bound the breastplate by its rings to the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it might be on the skillfully woven band of the ephod, and that the breastplate might not come loose from the ephod, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
The Robe and Its Accessories Exodus 39:22–26
22Verse 22. He made the robe of the ephod of woven work, all of blue. 23Verse 23. The opening of the robe in the middle of it was like the opening of a coat of mail, with a binding around its opening, that it should not be torn. 24Verse 24. They made on the skirts of the robe pomegranates of blue, purple, scarlet, and twined linen. 25Verse 25. They made bells of pure gold, and put the bells between the pomegranates around the skirts of the robe, between the pomegranates; 26Verse 26. a bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate, around the skirts of the robe, to minister in, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
Additional Priestly Garments Exodus 39:27–31
27Verse 27. They made the coats of fine linen of woven work for Aaron, and for his sons, 28Verse 28. and the turban of fine linen, and the linen headbands of fine linen, and the linen breeches of fine twined linen, 29Verse 29. and the sash of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, the work of the embroiderer, as Yahweh commanded Moses. 30Verse 30. They made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote on it a writing, like the engravings of a signet: “HOLY TO YAHWEH”. 31Verse 31. They tied to it a lace of blue, to fasten it on the turban above, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
Completion and Presentation of the Tabernacle Exodus 39:32–43
32Verse 32. Thus all the work of the tabernacle of the Tent of Meeting was finished. The children of Israel did according to all that Yahweh commanded Moses; so they did. 33Verse 33. They brought the tabernacle to Moses, the tent, with all its furniture, its clasps, its boards, its bars, its pillars, its sockets, 34Verse 34. the covering of rams’ skins dyed red, the covering of sea cow hides, the veil of the screen, 35Verse 35. the ark of the testimony with its poles, the mercy seat, 36Verse 36. the table, all its vessels, the show bread, 37Verse 37. the pure lamp stand, its lamps, even the lamps to be set in order, all its vessels, the oil for the light,
38Verse 38. the golden altar, the anointing oil, the sweet incense, the screen for the door of the Tent, 39Verse 39. the bronze altar, its grating of brass, its poles, all of its vessels, the basin and its base, 40Verse 40. the hangings of the court, its pillars, its sockets, the screen for the gate of the court, its cords, its pins, all the instruments of the service of the tabernacle, for the Tent of Meeting, 41Verse 41. the finely worked garments for ministering in the holy place, the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to minister in the priest’s office. 42Verse 42. According to all that Yahweh commanded Moses, so the children of Israel did all the work.
43Verse 43. Moses saw all the work, and behold, they had done it as Yahweh had commanded, even so had they done it: and Moses blessed them.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Exodus 39
Holiness
The concept of holiness appears in the description of the priestly garments and the tabernacle's furnishings. In v. 30, Moses and the craftsmen inscribe 'HOLY TO YAHWEH' on the gold crown for Aaron's turban. This meticulous attention to detail signifies the distinctiveness and sanctity required for service in the presence of Yahweh.
Divine Presence
The chapter focuses on the construction of the tabernacle and its furnishings meant for divine encounter. In v. 32, the work is declared completed as the children of Israel act 'according to all that Yahweh commanded Moses.' This pronouncement signifies the fulfillment of divine instruction, ensuring that the tabernacle is prepared for Yahweh’s presence.
Community Service
The collective effort of the Israelites in creating the tabernacle and its components is evident in this chapter. In verses 1-5, the garments for Aaron and his sons are made through collaboration, highlighting the community's role in crafting items for sacred use. Their shared commitment to following Yahweh’s commands reveals a unified purpose in serving Him and one another through their actions.
Obedience to God
This chapter details the craftsmen's adherence to specific instructions given by God. In verses 42-43, Moses notes that the Israelites completed the work 'according to all that Yahweh commanded.' Their meticulous execution of these commands demonstrates their commitment to fulfilling God's directives in the construction of sacred spaces and roles.
Chapter outline
How Exodus 39 unfolds
Exodus 39:1–5 Making the Holy Garments
The craftsmen made 'finely worked garments' for Aaron, following Yahweh's commands (v. 1). The garments include the ephod, which is crafted with gold, blue, purple, and scarlet materials (v. 2).
Exodus 39:6–21 Details of the Ephod and Breastplate
The artisans set onyx stones in gold settings, engraved with the names of Israel's children, for the ephod's shoulder straps (vv. 6-7). They crafted the breastplate with twelve stones, each corresponding to a tribe, and attached it to the ephod (vv. 8-21).
Exodus 39:22–26 The Robe and Its Accessories
The robe of the ephod is made entirely of blue and features a secure opening (vv. 22-23). The robe is adorned with pomegranates and bells to be worn during ministry (vv. 24-26).
Exodus 39:27–31 Additional Priestly Garments
Additional garments made for Aaron and his sons include coats, turbans, and sashes, all crafted from fine linen (vv. 27-29). The holy crown is inscribed with 'HOLY TO YAHWEH' and attached to the turban (v. 30).
Exodus 39:32–43 Completion and Presentation of the Tabernacle
The completion of the tabernacle's construction is confirmed as the Israelites bring it to Moses (vv. 32-34). Moses inspects the work, noting that it was done as commanded, and he blesses the workers (vv. 42-43).
Key verses
Exodus 39:1Yahweh commands Moses about the making of the holy garments for Aaron, which are essential for ministering in the holy place as stated in verse 1.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Exodus 39
- observeIn v6, what are the names engraved on the 'onyx stones'?
- observeWhat color materials are mentioned in v1 for the garments made for Aaron?
- interpretIn v21, why was the breastplate bound to the ephod with a 'lace of blue'?
- interpretIn v30, what does the inscription 'HOLY TO YAHWEH' on the crown imply about the priest's role?
- applyWhen have you felt the need to be 'holy' in your own service to others?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Exodus 39
- Exodus 28Exodus 39:2 and Exodus 28:6Both make the ephod: Exodus 39:2 states He made the ephod of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen, while Exodus 28:6 directs to make the ephod of those same materials.
- Leviticus 8Exodus 39:2 and Leviticus 8:7Both describe the ephod: Exodus 39:2 notes He made the ephod of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen, while Leviticus 8:7 shows the coat and ephod placed on Aaron.
- Exodus 25Exodus 39:36 and Exodus 25:30Both mention the table: Exodus 39:36 notes the table, all its vessels, the show bread, while Exodus 25:30 states to set the bread of the presence on the table.
- Exodus 35Exodus 39:1 and Exodus 35:19Both speak of garments: Exodus 39:1 states they made holy garments for Aaron, while Exodus 35:19 describes the finely worked garments for ministering in the holy place.
- Hebrews 9Exodus 39:1 and Hebrews 9:12Both affirm ministering roles: Exodus 39:1 notes garments for ministering in the holy place, while Hebrews 9:12 says he entered in once for all with his own blood.
- 1 Kings 7Exodus 39:36 and 1 Kings 7:48Both discuss the table: Exodus 39:36 lists the table, all its vessels, the show bread, while 1 Kings 7:48 details Solomon made the table that the show bread was on.
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