ScriptureDepth's study of Haggai 2
‘The latter glory of this house will be greater than the former,’ says Yahweh of Armies; ‘and in this place will I give peace,’ says Yahweh of Armies.”
Haggai 2:9
Yahweh speaks this to Zerubbabel, promising that the temple's latter glory will surpass its former glory, which assures the people of hope in their labor.
What Haggai 2 is about
In the seventh month, Yahweh’s word came to Haggai. He told Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the remnant of the people to be strong and work. Yahweh promised, ‘I am with you’ (vv. 1-4). He reminded them of the covenant from Egypt and told them not to be afraid. Yahweh said he would shake the heavens and fill the house with glory (vv. 5-9).
On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, Haggai instructed the priests about purity. They answered that holy meat does not make other foods holy, but an unclean person makes them unclean (vv. 10-14). Haggai told the people to consider their past. They had not produced enough crops because of their actions (vv. 15-19). Finally, Yahweh spoke again to Haggai. He told Zerubbabel that he would shake kingdoms and make Zerubbabel a signet, for he had chosen him (vv. 20-23).
From today I will bless you, as Yahweh promises to restore his people and their work.
Haggai 2 at a glance
- Haggai 2:1–4God's Assurance of Presence
- Haggai 2:5–9Promise of Future Glory
- Haggai 2:10–14Purity and Consecration Explained
- Haggai 2:15–19Call to Consider Past and Future
- Haggai 2:20–23Promise to Zerubbabel
Key verse: Haggai 2:9
One thing to notice
Haggai directs the people to 'consider' their situation in verses 15 and 18. This call to reflection on their past actions and current state is repeated, urging them to look back prior to the rebuilding of the temple and recognize the consequences of their neglect.
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Chapter text
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God's Assurance of Presence Haggai 2:1–4
1Verse 1. In the seventh month, in the twenty-first day of the month, Yahweh’s word came by Haggai the prophet, saying, 2Verse 2. “Speak now to Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua, the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and to the remnant of the people, saying, 3Verse 3. ‘Who is left among you who saw this house in its former glory? How do you see it now? Isn’t it in your eyes as nothing? 4Verse 4. Yet now be strong, Zerubbabel,’ says Yahweh. ‘Be strong, Joshua, son of Jehozadak, the high priest. Be strong, all you people of the land,’ says Yahweh, ‘and work, for I am with you,’ says Yahweh of Armies.
Promise of Future Glory Haggai 2:5–9
5Verse 5. This is the word that I covenanted with you when you came out of Egypt, and my Spirit lived among you. ‘Don’t be afraid.’ 6Verse 6. For this is what Yahweh of Armies says: ‘Yet once, it is a little while, and I will shake the heavens, the earth, the sea, and the dry land; 7Verse 7. and I will shake all nations. The precious things of all nations will come, and I will fill this house with glory, says Yahweh of Armies. 8Verse 8. The silver is mine, and the gold is mine,’ says Yahweh of Armies. 9Verse 9. ‘The latter glory of this house will be greater than the former,’ says Yahweh of Armies; ‘and in this place will I give peace,’ says Yahweh of Armies.”
Purity and Consecration Explained Haggai 2:10–14
10Verse 10. In the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, in the second year of Darius, Yahweh’s word came by Haggai the prophet, saying, 11Verse 11. “Yahweh of Armies says: Ask now the priests concerning the law, saying, 12Verse 12. ‘If someone carries holy meat in the fold of his garment, and with his fold touches bread, stew, wine, oil, or any food, will it become holy?’” The priests answered, “No.” 13Verse 13. Then Haggai said, “If one who is unclean by reason of a dead body touch any of these, will it be unclean?” The priests answered, “It will be unclean.” 14Verse 14. Then Haggai answered, “‘So is this people, and so is this nation before me,’ says Yahweh; ‘and so is every work of their hands. That which they offer there is unclean.
Call to Consider Past and Future Haggai 2:15–19
15Verse 15. Now, please consider from this day and backward, before a stone was laid on a stone in Yahweh’s temple. 16Verse 16. Through all that time, when one came to a heap of twenty measures, there were only ten. When one came to the wine vat to draw out fifty, there were only twenty. 17Verse 17. I struck you with blight, mildew, and hail in all the work of your hands; yet you didn’t turn to me,’ says Yahweh. 18Verse 18. ‘Consider, please, from this day and backward, from the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, since the day that the foundation of Yahweh’s temple was laid, consider it.
19Verse 19. Is the seed yet in the barn? Yes, the vine, the fig tree, the pomegranate, and the olive tree haven’t produced. From today I will bless you.’”
Promise to Zerubbabel Haggai 2:20–23
20Verse 20. Yahweh’s word came the second time to Haggai in the twenty-fourth day of the month, saying, 21Verse 21. “Speak to Zerubbabel, governor of Judah, saying, ‘I will shake the heavens and the earth. 22Verse 22. I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms. I will destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the nations. I will overthrow the chariots, and those who ride in them. The horses and their riders will come down, everyone by the sword of his brother. 23Verse 23. In that day, says Yahweh of Armies, will I take you, Zerubbabel, my servant, the son of Shealtiel,’ says Yahweh, ‘and will make you as a signet, for I have chosen you,’ says Yahweh of Armies.”
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Haggai 2
Encouragement
In vv. 4-5, Yahweh calls Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the people to be strong and work, assuring them, 'I am with you.' This encouragement is rooted in the covenant made when they came out of Egypt, reminding the people of God’s continual presence despite their current discouragement. The chapter moves from this assurance to a promise of future glory, reinforcing the call to courage in their efforts.
Divine Presence
In v. 4, Yahweh commands the people to be strong and work, stating, 'for I am with you.' This is a direct affirmation of His presence during a time when the people felt discouraged about the temple's diminished glory. The chapter establishes this presence as a source of strength that undergirds their rebuilding efforts and assures them of divine support in their work.
Renewal and Restoration
In verses 15-19, Haggai calls the people to recall their past circumstances and the lack of productivity in their harvests, noting that 'the vine, the fig tree, the pomegranate, and the olive tree haven’t produced.' This acknowledgment of their current situation serves as a backdrop for Yahweh's declaration, 'From today I will bless you.' The chapter connects their obedience to God's commands with the promise of restored blessings and renewed fortunes.
Messianic Hope
In v. 23, Yahweh declares that He will make Zerubbabel 'as a signet,' revealing a unique role for him in the divine plan. This statement suggests a future significance linked to Zerubbabel that transcends his immediate context, hinting at a broader hope for leadership and restoration. The chapter concludes with a promise that connects Zerubbabel’s lineage to ongoing divine purposes.
Chapter outline
How Haggai 2 unfolds
Haggai 2:1–4 God's Assurance of Presence
Yahweh speaks through Haggai to encourage Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the remnant of the people, commanding them to be strong and work, assuring them of His presence (v. 4).
Haggai 2:5–9 Promise of Future Glory
Yahweh promises that the future glory of the temple will surpass its former glory, stating that He will fill the house with glory and grant peace in this place (vv. 7-9).
Haggai 2:10–14 Purity and Consecration Explained
Haggai poses inquiries to the priests about holiness and uncleanness, revealing that the people's offerings are unclean because of their state before Yahweh (vv. 12-14).
Haggai 2:15–19 Call to Consider Past and Future
Yahweh instructs the people to 'consider from this day and backward' (vv. 15, 18) regarding their past hardships, noting their insufficient harvests and promises future blessing starting from the temple's foundation (v. 19).
Haggai 2:20–23 Promise to Zerubbabel
Yahweh delivers a second message to Haggai, promising to shake the heavens and earth and declaring His choice of Zerubbabel, likening him to a signet (vv. 21-23).
Key verses
Haggai 2:9Yahweh speaks this to Zerubbabel, promising that the temple's latter glory will surpass its former glory, which assures the people of hope in their labor.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Haggai 2
- observeIn v3, what does God ask the people regarding 'this house' and its former glory?
- observeWhat does God command Zerubbabel and Joshua to do in v4?
- interpretIn vv. 12-13, what is the implication of the priests' answers concerning 'unclean' and 'holy'?
- interpretIn v18, why does God instruct the people to 'consider' from a specific day and backward?
- applyWhen have you felt that your efforts were 'unclean' in relation to your priorities, as noted in v14?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Haggai 2
- Jeremiah 30Haggai 2:7 and Jeremiah 30:18Both promise restoration: Haggai 2:7 says the house will be filled with glory, while Jeremiah 30:18 states the city will be built.
- Haggai 1Haggai 2:16 and Haggai 1:6Both mention lack: Haggai 2:16 reports reduced measures, while Haggai 1:6 describes insufficient harvests.
- Zechariah 4Haggai 2:2 and Zechariah 4:6Both address Zerubbabel: Haggai 2:2 speaks to him directly, while Zechariah 4:6 assures success by God's Spirit.
- Malachi 3Haggai 2:19 and Malachi 3:10Both promise blessing: Haggai 2:19 declares future blessing, while Malachi 3:10 invites testing for abundant provision.
- Zechariah 8Haggai 2:19 and Zechariah 8:11Both discuss change: Haggai 2:19 indicates a blessing from now, while Zechariah 8:11 describes a different relationship with the remnant.
- Ecclesiastes 11Haggai 2:17 and Ecclesiastes 11:6The link is thematic: Both discuss the uncertainty of efforts and outcomes in labor.
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Where to go from here
- Haggai: the whole bookNo prophet is more precisely dated.
- Full Year Chronological Bible, day 273Day 273 of 365: Haggai 1–2 · Zechariah 1.
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- Common Bible questionsThe questions people bring to Bible study, each answered from the text.
- Today's devotionalOne verse and a short reflection, new every morning.
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