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Jeremiah 31

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1“At that time,” says Yahweh, “I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they will be my people.” 2Yahweh says, “The people who survive the sword found favor in the wilderness; even Israel, when I went to cause him to rest.” 3Yahweh appeared of old to me, saying, “Yes, I have loved you with an everlasting love. Therefore I have drawn you with loving kindness. 4I will build you again, and you will be built, O virgin of Israel. You will again be adorned with your tambourines, and will go out in the dances of those who make merry. 5Again you will plant vineyards on the mountains of Samaria. The planters will plant, and will enjoy its fruit. 6For there will be a day that the watchmen on the hills of Ephraim cry, ‘Arise, and let us go up to Zion to Yahweh our God.’” 7For Yahweh says, “Sing with gladness for Jacob, and shout for the chief of the nations. Publish, praise, and say, ‘Yahweh, save your people, the remnant of Israel!’ 8Behold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them from the uttermost parts of the earth, along with the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her who travails with child together. They will return as a great company. 9They will come with weeping. I will lead them with petitions. I will cause them to walk by rivers of waters, in a straight way in which they won’t stumble; for I am a father to Israel. Ephraim is my firstborn. 10“Hear Yahweh’s word, you nations, and declare it in the distant islands. Say, ‘He who scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd does his flock.’ 11For Yahweh has ransomed Jacob, and redeemed him from the hand of him who was stronger than he. 12They will come and sing in the height of Zion, and will flow to the goodness of Yahweh, to the grain, to the new wine, to the oil, and to the young of the flock and of the herd. Their soul will be as a watered garden. They will not sorrow any more at all. 13Then the virgin will rejoice in the dance; the young men and the old together; for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow. 14I will satiate the soul of the priests with fatness, and my people will be satisfied with my goodness,” says Yahweh. 15Yahweh says: “A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children. She refuses to be comforted for her children, because they are no more.” 16Yahweh says: “Refrain your voice from weeping, and your eyes from tears; for your work will be rewarded,” says Yahweh. “They will come again from the land of the enemy. 17There is hope for your latter end,” says Yahweh. “Your children will come again to their own territory. 18“I have surely heard Ephraim grieving thus, ‘You have chastised me, and I was chastised, as an untrained calf. Turn me, and I will be turned; for you are Yahweh my God. 19Surely after that I was turned. I repented. After that I was instructed. I struck my thigh. I was ashamed, yes, even confounded, because I bore the reproach of my youth.’ 20Is Ephraim my dear son? Is he a darling child? For as often as I speak against him, I still earnestly remember him. therefore my heart yearns for him. I will surely have mercy on him,” says Yahweh. 21“Set up road signs. Make guideposts. Set your heart toward the highway, even the way by which you went. Turn again, virgin of Israel. Turn again to these your cities. 22How long will you go here and there, you backsliding daughter? For Yahweh has created a new thing in the earth: a woman will encompass a man.” 23Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel, says: “Yet again they will use this speech in the land of Judah and in its cities, when I reverse their captivity: ‘Yahweh bless you, habitation of righteousness, mountain of holiness.’ 24Judah and all its cities will dwell therein together, the farmers, and those who go about with flocks. 25For I have satiated the weary soul, and I have replenished every sorrowful soul.” 26On this I awakened, and saw; and my sleep was sweet to me. 27“Behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man and with the seed of animal. 28It will happen that, like as I have watched over them to pluck up and to break down and to overthrow and to destroy and to afflict, so will I watch over them to build and to plant,” says Yahweh. 29“In those days they will say no more, “‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge.’ 30But everyone will die for his own iniquity. Every man who eats the sour grapes, his teeth will be set on edge. 31“Behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: 32not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which covenant of mine they broke, although I was a husband to them,” says Yahweh. 33“But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” says Yahweh: I will put my law in their inward parts, and I will write it in their heart. I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 34They will no longer each teach his neighbor, and every man teach his brother, saying, ‘Know Yahweh;’ for they will all know me, from their least to their greatest,” says Yahweh: “for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.” 35Yahweh, who gives the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, who stirs up the sea, so that its waves roar; Yahweh of Armies is his name, says: 36“If these ordinances depart from before me,” says Yahweh, “then the offspring of Israel also will cease from being a nation before me forever.” 37Yahweh says: “If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, then I will also cast off all the offspring of Israel for all that they have done,” says Yahweh. 38“Behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that the city will be built to Yahweh from the tower of Hananel to the gate of the corner. 39The measuring line will go out further straight onward to the hill Gareb, and will turn toward Goah. 40The whole valley of the dead bodies and of the ashes, and all the fields to the brook Kidron, to the corner of the horse gate toward the east, will be holy to Yahweh. It will not be plucked up or thrown down any more forever.”

World English Bible (public domain)

"For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they shall be my people."

Jeremiah 31:33

Summary

Jeremiah 31 is a chapter filled with hope and promises of restoration for Israel. It opens with God declaring His everlasting love for His people and His intention to bring them back from exile. This chapter envisions a bright future where God will gather the remnants of Israel from the lands where they've been scattered and establish a new covenant with them. Unlike the old covenant broken by the ancestors, the new covenant will be written on their hearts, signifying a personal and transformative relationship with God. It emphasizes the restoration of community, joy, and prosperity. The chapter also acknowledges Rachel's sorrow for her children, symbolizing Israel's past suffering, but assures that they will be comforted by God's promise of redemption.

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Chapter outline

How Jeremiah 31 unfolds

  1. Jeremiah 31:1–2 Promise of Restoration

    God declares His commitment to be the God of Israel, reaffirming their identity as His people after their suffering.

  2. Jeremiah 31:3–6 Everlasting Love and Joy

    Yahweh expresses His everlasting love and promises restoration, leading Israel to joy and celebration in their return.

  3. Jeremiah 31:7–14 Gathering the Remnant

    God announces the gathering of His people from various lands, emphasizing joy and satisfaction for their past suffering.

  4. Jeremiah 31:15–17 Rachel’s Lament and Comfort

    The chapter acknowledges Israel's mourning through Rachel's weeping, but God reassures them of future comfort and hope.

  5. Jeremiah 31:18–22 Turning Back to God

    Ephraim expresses repentance, and God calls His people to return, symbolizing a renewed relationship with Him.

  6. Jeremiah 31:23–30 A New Covenant Promised

    Yahweh promises a new covenant, distinct from the previous one, emphasizing internal transformation and personal knowledge of Him.

  7. Jeremiah 31:31–40 Future Hope for Israel

    The chapter concludes with promises of a rebuilt city and everlasting holiness, ensuring Israel's enduring identity as His nation.

Key verses

  • Jeremiah 31:33Jeremiah 31:33 captures the essence of the new covenant, emphasizing internal transformation and a deepening relationship with God.

Main themes in Jeremiah 31

Restoration

The theme of Restoration is prevalent in verses 1-6, where God promises to gather and rebuild Israel after their exile. This restoration encompasses not only the physical return to their land but also a spiritual renewal, highlighting a restored relationship between God and His people. The chapter develops this theme by emphasizing that through God's grace and actions, Israel will once again experience joy, identity, and a sense of belonging.

New Covenant

The New Covenant theme arises prominently in verses 31-34, where God declares a transformative relationship with Israel. Unlike the previous covenant, this new one is internalized, written on their hearts, highlighting a direct and personal connection with Yahweh. This signifies a pivotal shift in how God engages with His people.

God's Everlasting Love

God's Everlasting Love is articulated in verse 3, where He expresses His enduring affection for Israel, even in the midst of their suffering and disobedience. This unwavering love serves as the foundation for God's promises of restoration and gathering, assuring Israel of His continual presence and commitment. The chapter reinforces that their relationship with God remains intact, characterized by compassion and mercy, despite their challenges.

Hope and Transformation

Hope and Transformation are central to verses 18-22, where Israel's heartfelt repentance prompts a divine call for return and renewal. The chapter illustrates a powerful transformation of past grief into a promise of future joy, showcasing God's unwavering commitment to restore His people. This theme encapsulates the overall message of redemption and revival, emphasizing that God can bring about profound change and renewed hope in the lives of His people.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Jeremiah 31

Study questions

Questions for studying Jeremiah 31

  1. What does God promise regarding Israel's future in verses 1-2?
  2. How does the imagery of Rachel in verse 15 reflect Israel's condition?
  3. In what ways does the new covenant differ from the old as described in verses 31-32?
  4. What significance does the gathering of the remnant hold for Israel's identity?
  5. How does the promise of joy in verses 12-14 connect to Israel's past sorrow?
  6. What does God's everlasting love reveal about His relationship with His people?

Jeremiah 31: frequently asked questions

What is Jeremiah 31 about?+
Jeremiah 31 is a chapter filled with hope and promises of restoration for Israel. It opens with God declaring His everlasting love for His people and His intention to bring them back from exile. This chapter envisions a bright future where God will gather the remnants of Israel from the lands where they've been scattered and establish a new covenant with them. Unlike the old covenant broken by the ancestors, the new covenant will be written on their hearts, signifying a personal and transformative relationship with God. It emphasizes the restoration of community, joy, and prosperity. The chapter also acknowledges Rachel's sorrow for her children, symbolizing Israel's past suffering, but assures that they will be comforted by God's promise of redemption.
What is the key verse in Jeremiah 31?+
Jeremiah 31:33: "“But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” says Yahweh: I will put my law in their inward parts, and I will write it in their heart. I will be their God, and they shall be my people."
What are the main themes of Jeremiah 31?+
The main themes of Jeremiah 31 are Restoration, New Covenant, God's Everlasting Love, Hope and Transformation.

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