ScriptureDepth's study of 1 Chronicles 27
“Now the children of Israel after their number, the heads of fathers’ households and the captains of thousands and of hundreds, and their officers who served the king, in any matter of the divisions which came in and went out month by month throughout all the months of the year—of every division were twenty-four thousand.”
1 Chronicles 27:1
The chronicler recounts to the Israelites the organized structure of their military, where 'twenty-four thousand' represents the number in each monthly division.
What 1 Chronicles 27 is about
Israel is counted by their divisions. The heads of families, captains, and officers serve the king. Each division includes twenty-four thousand men. Jashobeam the son of Zabdiel leads the first division for the first month. Dodai the Ahohite leads the second month. The third month is commanded by Benaiah, son of Jehoiada, a mighty man. Asahel leads the fourth month, and Shamhuth the Izrahite leads the fifth. Ira the Tekoite commands the sixth month, with Helez, Sibbecai, Abiezer, Maharai, Benaiah, and Heldai leading the following months (vv. 1-15). Tribal leaders are also named, including Eliezer for Reuben and Hashabiah for Levi (vv. 16-22). David does not count those under twenty years old, as Yahweh promised to increase Israel (vv. 23-24). The administration of resources includes Azmaveth over treasures and Shimei over vineyards (vv. 25-31). Key counselors include Jonathan and Ahithophel (vv. 32-34).
David took the census in a careful manner, avoiding a count that would defy Yahweh's promise for Israel.
1 Chronicles 27 at a glance
- 1 Chronicles 27:1Census of Israel's Military Divisions
- 1 Chronicles 27:2–15Monthly Military Commanders
- 1 Chronicles 27:16–22Tribal Leaders of Israel
- 1 Chronicles 27:23–24Census Limitations and Consequences
- 1 Chronicles 27:25–31Administration of Resources
- 1 Chronicles 27:32–34Counselors and Military Leadership
Key verse: 1 Chronicles 27:1
One thing to notice
The text specifies the leaders of the tribes of Israel in verses 16-22. Each leader is paired with their respective tribe, such as 'Eliezer the son of Zichri' for the Reubenites. This enumeration shows a complete representation of tribal leadership across Israel.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
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Census of Israel's Military Divisions 1 Chronicles 27:1
1Verse 1. Now the children of Israel after their number, the heads of fathers’ households and the captains of thousands and of hundreds, and their officers who served the king, in any matter of the divisions which came in and went out month by month throughout all the months of the year—of every division were twenty-four thousand.
Monthly Military Commanders 1 Chronicles 27:2–15
2Verse 2. Over the first division for the first month was Jashobeam the son of Zabdiel: and in his division were twenty-four thousand. 3Verse 3. He was of the children of Perez, the chief of all the captains of the army for the first month. 4Verse 4. Over the division of the second month was Dodai the Ahohite, and his division; and Mikloth the ruler: and in his division were twenty-four thousand. 5Verse 5. The third captain of the army for the third month was Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada the priest, chief: and in his division were twenty-four thousand. 6Verse 6. This is that Benaiah who was the mighty man of the thirty, and over the thirty: and of his division was Ammizabad his son.
7Verse 7. The fourth captain for the fourth month was Asahel the brother of Joab, and Zebadiah his son after him: and in his division were twenty-four thousand. 8Verse 8. The fifth captain for the fifth month was Shamhuth the Izrahite: and in his division were twenty-four thousand. 9Verse 9. The sixth captain for the sixth month was Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite: and in his division were twenty-four thousand. 10Verse 10. The seventh captain for the seventh month was Helez the Pelonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his division were twenty-four thousand. 11Verse 11. The eighth captain for the eighth month was Sibbecai the Hushathite, of the Zerahites: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.
12Verse 12. The ninth captain for the ninth month was Abiezer the Anathothite, of the Benjamites: and in his division were twenty-four thousand. 13Verse 13. The tenth captain for the tenth month was Maharai the Netophathite, of the Zerahites: and in his division were Twenty-four thousand. 14Verse 14. The eleventh captain for the eleventh month was Benaiah the Pirathonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his division were twenty-four thousand. 15Verse 15. The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.
Tribal Leaders of Israel 1 Chronicles 27:16–22
16Verse 16. Furthermore over the tribes of Israel: of the Reubenites was Eliezer the son of Zichri the ruler; of the Simeonites, Shephatiah the son of Maacah; 17Verse 17. of Levi, Hashabiah the son of Kemuel; of Aaron, Zadok; 18Verse 18. of Judah, Elihu, one of the brothers of David; of Issachar, Omri the son of Michael; 19Verse 19. of Zebulun, Ishmaiah the son of Obadiah; of Naphtali, Jeremoth the son of Azriel; 20Verse 20. of the children of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Azaziah; of the half-tribe of Manasseh, Joel the son of Pedaiah; 21Verse 21. of the half-tribe of Manasseh in Gilead, Iddo the son of Zechariah; of Benjamin, Jaasiel the son of Abner;
22Verse 22. of Dan, Azarel the son of Jeroham. These were the captains of the tribes of Israel.
Census Limitations and Consequences 1 Chronicles 27:23–24
23Verse 23. But David didn’t take the number of them from twenty years old and under, because Yahweh had said he would increase Israel like the stars of the sky. 24Verse 24. Joab the son of Zeruiah began to take a census, but didn’t finish; and wrath came on Israel for this. The number wasn’t put into the account in the chronicles of king David.
Administration of Resources 1 Chronicles 27:25–31
25Verse 25. Over the king’s treasures was Azmaveth the son of Adiel: and over the treasures in the fields, in the cities, and in the villages, and in the towers, was Jonathan the son of Uzziah; 26Verse 26. Over those who did the work of the field for tillage of the ground was Ezri the son of Chelub; 27Verse 27. and over the vineyards was Shimei the Ramathite; and over the increase of the vineyards for the wine cellars was Zabdi the Shiphmite; 28Verse 28. and over the olive trees and the sycamore trees that were in the lowland was Baal Hanan the Gederite; and over the cellars of oil was Joash;
29Verse 29. and over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite; and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai; 30Verse 30. and over the camels was Obil the Ishmaelite; and over the donkeys was Jehdeiah the Meronothite; and over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagrite. 31Verse 31. All these were the rulers of the property which was king David’s.
Counselors and Military Leadership 1 Chronicles 27:32–34
32Verse 32. Also Jonathan, David’s uncle, was a counselor, a man of understanding, and a scribe; and Jehiel the son of Hachmoni was with the king’s sons. 33Verse 33. Ahithophel was the king’s counselor: and Hushai the Archite was the king’s friend. 34Verse 34. After Ahithophel was Jehoiada the son of Benaiah, and Abiathar. Joab was the captain of the king’s army.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in 1 Chronicles 27
Divine Order
The chapter lays out a structured census of Israel's military forces and tribal leaders, establishing an orderly governance system. Commanders are assigned to specific months, as seen in vv. 2-15, where ‘Jashobeam the son of Zabdiel’ leads the first division, and ‘Dodai the Ahohite’ oversees the second. This careful organization of military and administrative roles illustrates a divine intention for order within the kingdom.
Leadership and Service
Leadership roles are defined throughout the chapter, detailing the responsibilities of various leaders. In verses 16-22, individuals like ‘Eliezer the son of Zichri’ and ‘Zadok’ are named as leaders over the tribes, connecting their service to the needs of the nation. This structure establishes a framework for appointed leaders to fulfill their duties effectively under David's reign.
Community and Cooperation
The chapter highlights the cooperation among different tribal leaders and military commanders, each contributing to the overall governance of Israel. The listings in vv. 16-22 show appointed leaders from various tribes, such as ‘Ishmaiah the son of Obadiah’ from Zebulun and ‘Hoshea the son of Azaziah’ from Ephraim, indicating a collective effort. This collaboration is essential for maintaining unity within the diverse tribes of Israel.
Strategic Governance
Strategic governance is evident in the detailed organization of military and administrative roles. For instance, in vv. 25-31, individuals like ‘Azmaveth the son of Adiel’ manage the king's treasures, showing a carefully planned allocation of responsibilities. This strategic approach helps ensure that resources are effectively managed and that the kingdom operates smoothly under David's leadership.
Chapter outline
How 1 Chronicles 27 unfolds
1 Chronicles 27:1 Census of Israel's Military Divisions
The verses recount the census of Israel's military divisions, stating that 'the heads of fathers’ households and the captains of thousands and of hundreds' served the king with 'twenty-four thousand' men in each division every month (v. 1).
1 Chronicles 27:2–15 Monthly Military Commanders
Here, the names of military commanders for each month are given, with each commander leading a division of twenty-four thousand men (vv. 2-15).
1 Chronicles 27:16–22 Tribal Leaders of Israel
This part identifies the leaders of the tribes of Israel, specifying each tribe and its respective ruler, including notable figures like Zadok for the priestly line (vv. 16-22).
1 Chronicles 27:23–24 Census Limitations and Consequences
This section notes David's decision not to include those under twenty years old in the census due to Yahweh's promise to Israel, mentioning the negative consequences of Joab's incomplete census (vv. 23-24).
1 Chronicles 27:25–31 Administration of Resources
The verses specify the individuals overseeing various resources, naming Azmaveth over the king’s treasures, Jonathan over field treasures, and others like Ezri for tillage and Shimei for vineyards, detailing their responsibilities (vv. 25-31).
1 Chronicles 27:32–34 Counselors and Military Leadership
The verses identify key advisors and military leaders, including 'Jonathan, David’s uncle' as a counselor, 'Ahithophel' as the king’s counselor, and 'Joab' as the captain of the king’s army, outlining their roles (vv. 32-34).
Key verses
1 Chronicles 27:1The chronicler recounts to the Israelites the organized structure of their military, where 'twenty-four thousand' represents the number in each monthly division.
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Study questions
Questions for studying 1 Chronicles 27
- observeIn v6, what is said about Benaiah's character as a 'mighty man'?
- observeWhat does the phrase 'twenty-four thousand' in vv. 1-15 indicate about the divisions?
- interpretDavid's decision not to take a census in v23: what does this imply about his view of Yahweh's promise?
- interpretIn v24, what does the mention of Joab and the 'wrath' on Israel suggest about the consequences of the census?
- applyWhen have you felt a sense of duty like the leaders in vv. 16-22 to serve your community?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo 1 Chronicles 27
- 1 Chronicles 111 Chronicles 27:34 and 1 Chronicles 11:6Both appoint a leader: 1 Chronicles 27:34 names Joab as captain, while 1 Chronicles 11:6 states Joab was made chief.
- 2 Samuel 231 Chronicles 27:4 and 2 Samuel 23:9Both mention Dodai: 1 Chronicles 27:4 notes him as a leader, while 2 Samuel 23:9 describes his valor in battle.
- 2 Samuel 241 Chronicles 27:23 and 2 Samuel 24:1Both concern a census: 1 Chronicles 27:23 notes David’s restraint, while 2 Samuel 24:1 indicates divine anger prompted the counting.
- 2 Samuel 151 Chronicles 27:33 and 2 Samuel 15:12Both mention Ahithophel: 1 Chronicles 27:33 lists him as counselor, while 2 Samuel 15:12 shows his role in Absalom’s conspiracy.
- 1 Chronicles 211 Chronicles 27:23 and 1 Chronicles 21:2Both discuss a census: 1 Chronicles 27:23 shows David’s caution, while 1 Chronicles 21:2 details his command to count Israel.
- 1 Kings 41 Chronicles 27:33 and 1 Kings 4:5Both mention counselors: 1 Chronicles 27:33 lists Ahithophel and Hushai, while 1 Kings 4:5 describes Nathan’s son as a friend.
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