ScriptureDepth's study of 2 Kings 15
“Now the rest of the acts of Azariah, and all that he did, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?”
2 Kings 15:6
The narrator mentions the acts of Azariah to the audience, confirming that all significant actions and decisions of Azariah are documented in 'the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah'.
What 2 Kings 15 is about
Azariah, son of Amaziah, began to reign in Judah at sixteen years old and ruled for fifty-two years (vv. 1-2). He did right in Yahweh's eyes but did not remove the high places where people still sacrificed (vv. 3-4). Azariah was stricken with leprosy, living in isolation until his death, while his son Jotham managed the kingdom (vv. 5-6). Zechariah, son of Jeroboam, ruled Israel for six months, continuing the sins of Jeroboam and was killed by Shallum (vv. 8-10). Shallum reigned for just one month before being overthrown by Menahem, who ruled with brutality, including attacking Tiphsah (vv. 13-16). Menahem paid tribute to Assyria for support (vv. 19-20) and was succeeded by his son Pekahiah, who lasted two years before being killed by Pekah (vv. 22-25). Pekah reigned for twenty years and continued in Jeroboam’s sins (vv. 27-28). Jotham began his reign in Judah and faced threats from Syria and Israel (vv. 32-38).
The chapter leaves the reader considering the repeated failures of Israel’s rulers and the ongoing challenges faced by Judah.
2 Kings 15 at a glance
- 2 Kings 15:1–7Azariah's Reign in Judah
- 2 Kings 15:8–12Zechariah's Brief Rule
- 2 Kings 15:13–21Menahem's Cruelty and Assyria
- 2 Kings 15:22–31Pekahiah and Pekah's Leadership
- 2 Kings 15:32–38Jotham's Reign and Challenges
Key verse: 2 Kings 15:6
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
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Azariah's Reign in Judah 2 Kings 15:1–7
1Verse 1. In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel, Azariah son of Amaziah king of Judah began to reign. 2Verse 2. He was sixteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty-two years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Jecoliah of Jerusalem. 3Verse 3. He did that which was right in Yahweh’s eyes, according to all that his father Amaziah had done. 4Verse 4. However the high places were not taken away. The people still sacrificed and burned incense in the high places. 5Verse 5. Yahweh struck the king, so that he was a leper to the day of his death, and lived in a separate house. Jotham, the king’s son was over the household, judging the people of the land.
6Verse 6. Now the rest of the acts of Azariah, and all that he did, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 7Verse 7. Azariah slept with his fathers; and they buried him with his fathers in David’s city: and Jotham his son reigned in his place.
Zechariah's Brief Rule 2 Kings 15:8–12
8Verse 8. In the thirty-eighth year of Azariah king of Judah, Zechariah the son of Jeroboam reigned over Israel in Samaria six months. 9Verse 9. He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, as his fathers had done. He didn’t depart from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, with which he made Israel to sin. 10Verse 10. Shallum the son of Jabesh conspired against him, and struck him before the people, and killed him, and reigned in his place. 11Verse 11. Now the rest of the acts of Zechariah, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. 12Verse 12. This was Yahweh’s word which he spoke to Jehu, saying, “Your sons to the fourth generation shall sit on the throne of Israel.” So it came to pass.
Menahem's Cruelty and Assyria 2 Kings 15:13–21
13Verse 13. Shallum the son of Jabesh began to reign in the thirty-ninth year of Uzziah king of Judah, and he reigned for a month in Samaria. 14Verse 14. Menahem the son of Gadi went up from Tirzah, came to Samaria, struck Shallum the son of Jabesh in Samaria, killed him, and reigned in his place. 15Verse 15. Now the rest of the acts of Shallum, and his conspiracy which he made, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. 16Verse 16. Then Menahem attacked Tiphsah, and all who were in it, and its border areas, from Tirzah. He attacked it because they didn’t open their gates to him, and he ripped up all their women who were with child.
17Verse 17. In the thirty ninth year of Azariah king of Judah, Menahem the son of Gadi began to reign over Israel for ten years in Samaria. 18Verse 18. He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight. He didn’t depart all his days from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, with which he made Israel to sin. 19Verse 19. Pul the king of Assyria came against the land, and Menahem gave Pul one thousand talents of silver, that his hand might be with him to confirm the kingdom in his hand. 20Verse 20. Menahem exacted the money from Israel, even from all the mighty men of wealth, from each man fifty shekels of silver, to give to the king of Assyria. So the king of Assyria turned back, and didn’t stay there in the land.
21Verse 21. Now the rest of the acts of Menahem, and all that he did, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?
Pekahiah and Pekah's Leadership 2 Kings 15:22–31
22Verse 22. Menahem slept with his fathers, and Pekahiah his son reigned in his place. 23Verse 23. In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah, Pekahiah the son of Menahem began to reign over Israel in Samaria for two years. 24Verse 24. He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight. He didn’t depart from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, with which he made Israel to sin. 25Verse 25. Pekah the son of Remaliah, his captain, conspired against him and attacked him in Samaria, in the fortress of the king’s house, with Argob and Arieh; and with him were fifty men of the Gileadites. He killed him, and reigned in his place.
26Verse 26. Now the rest of the acts of Pekahiah, and all that he did, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. 27Verse 27. In the fifty-second year of Azariah king of Judah, Pekah the son of Remaliah began to reign over Israel in Samaria for twenty years. 28Verse 28. He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight. He didn’t depart from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, with which he made Israel to sin. 29Verse 29. In the days of Pekah king of Israel, Tiglath Pileser king of Assyria came and took Ijon, Abel Beth Maacah, Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor, Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali; and he carried them captive to Assyria.
30Verse 30. Hoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah the son of Remaliah, attacked him, killed him, and reigned in his place, in the twentieth year of Jotham the son of Uzziah. 31Verse 31. Now the rest of the acts of Pekah, and all that he did, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.
Jotham's Reign and Challenges 2 Kings 15:32–38
32Verse 32. In the second year of Pekah the son of Remaliah king of Israel, Jotham the son of Uzziah king of Judah began to reign. 33Verse 33. He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Jerusha the daughter of Zadok. 34Verse 34. He did that which was right in Yahweh’s eyes. He did according to all that his father Uzziah had done. 35Verse 35. However the high places were not taken away. The people still sacrificed and burned incense in the high places. He built the upper gate of Yahweh’s house. 36Verse 36. Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all that he did, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
37Verse 37. In those days, Yahweh began to send Rezin the king of Syria and Pekah the son of Remaliah against Judah. 38Verse 38. Jotham slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in his father David’s city, and Ahaz his son reigned in his place.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in 2 Kings 15
Divine Sovereignty
In v. 12, the text recounts Yahweh’s promise to Jehu that 'Your sons to the fourth generation shall sit on the throne of Israel.' This promise is fulfilled in the succession of kings, despite their unfaithfulness. The chapter lays out the reigns of several kings of Israel and Judah, demonstrating that, while human leadership is flawed, divine sovereignty remains constant in the unfolding of history.
The Consequences of Idolatry
Throughout the chapter, kings such as Azariah (v. 4), Menahem (v. 18), and Pekahiah (v. 24) are described as doing evil in Yahweh's sight, particularly for not removing the high places where idolatry persisted. The continued sacrifice in high places signifies a persistent failure to uphold true worship. The text portrays how this idolatry leads to political instability and divine judgment.
The Instability of Leadership
Azariah’s reign ends with a serious illness (v. 5), and the chapter details a rapid succession of kings in Israel, with several being assassinated (vv. 10, 14, 25, 30). Each king's reign is marked by violence and conspiracy, such as Shallum killing Zechariah and Menahem killing Shallum. This instability highlights the frailty of human authority and the destructive consequences of turning away from God.
Hope Amidst Judgment
While the chapter details the failures and judgment against Israel’s kings, it also notes that some kings, like Jotham, 'did that which was right in Yahweh's eyes' (v. 34). This provides a glimmer of hope in the midst of judgment, as it suggests that faithfulness to God can still exist. The reference to the historical continuity of leadership under God’s sovereignty offers a thread of hope for the future.
Chapter outline
How 2 Kings 15 unfolds
2 Kings 15:1–7 Azariah's Reign in Judah
Azariah begins his reign at age sixteen and rules for fifty-two years, doing 'that which was right in Yahweh’s eyes' (v. 3), yet he does not remove the high places where people continue to sacrifice (v. 4).
2 Kings 15:8–12 Zechariah's Brief Rule
Zechariah reigns for six months, doing 'that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight' (v. 9), before being conspired against and killed by Shallum (vv. 10-11). Yahweh’s word to Jehu about his descendants is fulfilled (v. 12).
2 Kings 15:13–21 Menahem's Cruelty and Assyria
Menahem kills Shallum to seize the throne, ruling for ten years while committing evil acts (v. 18), and he pays tribute to Pul, king of Assyria, to secure his rule (vv. 19-20).
2 Kings 15:22–31 Pekahiah and Pekah's Leadership
Pekahiah reigns for two years, continuing the evil practices of his predecessors (v. 24), until he is assassinated by Pekah, who takes over and also rules in wickedness for twenty years (vv. 27-28).
2 Kings 15:32–38 Jotham's Reign and Challenges
Jotham, who reigns for sixteen years, does what is right but fails to eliminate the high places (v. 35). During his reign, Yahweh begins sending Rezin and Pekah against Judah (v. 37).
Key verses
2 Kings 15:6The narrator mentions the acts of Azariah to the audience, confirming that all significant actions and decisions of Azariah are documented in 'the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah'.
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Study questions
Questions for studying 2 Kings 15
- observeIn v5, why does Yahweh strike Azariah with leprosy?
- observeWhat do the high places in vv. 4 and 35 signify about the kings' faithfulness?
- interpretIn v9, Zechariah does 'evil' in Yahweh's sight: what does this imply about his leadership?
- interpretShallum's conspiracy in v10 raises questions: what motives might drive his actions against Zechariah?
- applyWhen have you encountered a leader who acts in ways similar to the kings in this chapter?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo 2 Kings 15
- 1 Chronicles 52 Kings 15:19 and 1 Chronicles 5:26Both carry away: 2 Kings 15:19 states Menahem gave Pul one thousand talents of silver, while 1 Chronicles 5:26 says Pul carried them away.
- 2 Kings 142 Kings 15:19 and 2 Kings 14:5Both kill: 2 Kings 15:19 mentions Menahem giving silver to Pul, while 2 Kings 14:5 states he killed his servants who killed his father.
- 2 Kings 162 Kings 15:29 and 2 Kings 16:7Both come up: 2 Kings 15:29 states Tiglath Pileser came and took lands, while 2 Kings 16:7 notes Ahaz sent messengers to him to save.
- 2 Kings 172 Kings 15:29 and 2 Kings 17:6Both carried away: 2 Kings 15:29 records Tiglath Pileser carried lands captive, while 2 Kings 17:6 notes the king of Assyria took Samaria.
- Isaiah 72 Kings 15:37 and Isaiah 7:1Both rise up: 2 Kings 15:37 states Yahweh sent Rezin and Pekah against Judah, while Isaiah 7:1 mentions they rose against Jerusalem.
- 2 Chronicles 262 Kings 15:34 and 2 Chronicles 26:4Both did right: 2 Kings 15:34 states he did what was right in Yahweh's eyes, while 2 Chronicles 26:4 says he did right according to his father.
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- Full Year Chronological Bible, day 176Day 176 of 365: 2 Kings 15–17.
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