Ezra 10
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1Now while Ezra prayed and made confession, weeping and casting himself down before God’s house, there was gathered together to him out of Israel a very great assembly of men and women and children; for the people wept very bitterly. 2Shecaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the sons of Elam, answered Ezra, “We have trespassed against our God, and have married foreign women of the peoples of the land. Yet now there is hope for Israel concerning this thing. 3Now therefore let us make a covenant with our God to put away all the wives, and those who as are born of them, according to the counsel of my lord, and of those who tremble at the commandment of our God. Let it be done according to the law. 4Arise; for the matter belongs to you, and we are with you. Be courageous, and do it.” 5Then Ezra arose, and made the chiefs of the priests, the Levites, and all Israel, to swear that they would do according to this word. So they swore. 6Then Ezra rose up from before God’s house, and went into the room of Jehohanan the son of Eliashib. When he came there, he ate no bread, nor drank water; for he mourned because of their trespass of the captivity. 7They made a proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusalem to all the children of the captivity, that they should gather themselves together to Jerusalem; 8and that whoever didn’t come within three days, according to the counsel of the princes and the elders, all his possessions should be forfeited, and himself separated from the assembly of the captivity. 9Then all the men of Judah and Benjamin gathered themselves together to Jerusalem within the three days. It was the ninth month, on the twentieth day of the month; and all the people sat in the wide place in front of God’s house, trembling because of this matter, and because of the great rain. 10Ezra the priest stood up and said to them, “You have trespassed, and have married foreign women, to increase the guilt of Israel. 11Now therefore make confession to Yahweh, the God of your fathers, and do his pleasure; and separate yourselves from the peoples of the land, and from the foreign women.” 12Then all the assembly answered with a loud voice, “As you have said concerning us, so must we do. 13But the people are many, and it is a time of much rain, and we are not able to stand outside. This is not a work of one day or two, for we have greatly transgressed in this matter. 14Now let our princes be appointed for all the assembly, and let all those who are in our cities who have married foreign women come at appointed times, and with them the elders of every city, and its judges, until the fierce wrath of our God is turned from us, until this matter is resolved.” 15Only Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahzeiah the son of Tikvah stood up against this; and Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite helped them. 16The children of the captivity did so. Ezra the priest, with certain heads of fathers’ households, after their fathers’ houses, and all of them by their names, were set apart; and they sat down in the first day of the tenth month to examine the matter. 17They finished with all the men who had married foreign women by the first day of the first month. 18Among the sons of the priests there were found who had married foreign women: of the sons of Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, and his brothers, Maaseiah, and Eliezer, and Jarib, and Gedaliah. 19They gave their hand that they would put away their wives; and being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their guilt. 20Of the sons of Immer: Hanani and Zebadiah. 21Of the sons of Harim: Maaseiah, and Elijah, and Shemaiah, and Jehiel, and Uzziah. 22Of the sons of Pashhur: Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nethanel, Jozabad, and Elasah. 23Of the Levites: Jozabad, and Shimei, and Kelaiah (also called Kelita), Pethahiah, Judah, and Eliezer. 24Of the singers: Eliashib. Of the gatekeepers: Shallum, and Telem, and Uri. 25Of Israel: Of the sons of Parosh: Ramiah, and Izziah, and Malchijah, and Mijamin, and Eleazar, and Malchijah, and Benaiah. 26Of the sons of Elam: Mattaniah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, and Abdi, and Jeremoth, and Elijah. 27Of the sons of Zattu: Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, and Jeremoth, and Zabad, and Aziza. 28Of the sons of Bebai: Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai, Athlai. 29Of the sons of Bani: Meshullam, Malluch, and Adaiah, Jashub, and Sheal, Jeremoth. 30Of the sons of Pahathmoab: Adna, and Chelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezalel, and Binnui, and Manasseh. 31Of the sons of Harim: Eliezer, Isshijah, Malchijah, Shemaiah, Shimeon, 32Benjamin, Malluch, Shemariah. 33Of the sons of Hashum: Mattenai, Mattattah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, Shimei. 34Of the sons of Bani: Maadai, Amram, and Uel, 35Benaiah, Bedeiah, Cheluhi, 36Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib, 37Mattaniah, Mattenai, and Jaasu, 38and Bani, and Binnui, Shimei, 39and Shelemiah, and Nathan, and Adaiah, 40Machnadebai, Shashai, Sharai, 41Azarel, and Shelemiah, Shemariah, 42Shallum, Amariah, Joseph. 43Of the sons of Nebo: Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Iddo, and Joel, Benaiah. 44All these had taken foreign wives; and some of them had wives by whom they had children.
World English Bible (public domain)
“Now then, let us make a covenant with our God to put away all these wives and their children, according to the counsel of my lord and of those who tremble at the commandment of our God, and let it be done according to the law.”
Ezra 10:3
Summary
In Ezra chapter 10, we find a pivotal moment for the returned exiles as they confront the painful reality of intermarriage with foreign nations, which has led them away from their covenant with God. After Ezra learns about these unions and is deeply troubled, he responds with an earnest prayer and a display of grief, symbolizing the community’s sinfulness. His public confession helps to stir the hearts of the people, prompting a collective recognition of their wrongdoing and a commitment to rectify this breach of the covenant. The leaders and the assembly gather, recognizing their need to separate from their foreign wives to restore their standing before God. The chapter emphasizes themes of repentance, communal responsibility, and the importance of devotion to God's commandments. The willingness of the people to confront their sins and seek restoration illustrates a profound understanding of their covenant relationship with God. This chapter serves as a reminder of the seriousness of spiritual fidelity and the steps necessary to align one's life back with God's will, even when it requires difficult sacrifices. The process of confessing sins and taking corrective action is a key aspect of spiritual renewal, emphasizing that true repentance often leads to tangible changes in one’s life. The resolution of the issues regarding foreign marriages demonstrates God’s unwavering commitment to His covenant people, and underscores the significance of maintaining purity in worship and community life. This call to obedience is not merely a historical directive but resonates with modern believers, urging them to reflect on any influences that might lead them away from their faith. Through communal action and leadership, Ezra encourages the nation to return to God wholeheartedly, setting a precedent for future generations in their walk with the Lord.
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Chapter outline
How Ezra 10 unfolds
Ezra 10:1–4 Ezra's Grief and Confession
Ezra prays and confesses the sins of the people before God, deeply grieved by their intermarriages, prompting a collective mourning among the gathered assembly.
Ezra 10:5–9 Call to Gather and Act
Ezra commands the leaders to ensure the people take an oath to rectify their marriages, convening the assembly to Jerusalem within three days.
Ezra 10:10–14 Ezra's Charge to the People
Ezra confronts the assembly about their sins, urging them to confess and separate from their foreign wives, despite the challenges of weather and numbers.
Ezra 10:15–17 Opposition and Resolution
Some leaders oppose Ezra’s plan, yet the majority agree, and a thorough examination of foreign marriages begins, highlighting their commitment to resolve the issue.
Ezra 10:18–44 List of Offenders and Actions
The chapter concludes with a detailed list of individuals who married foreign women, noting their commitment to put away these wives and offer guilt sacrifices.
Key verses
Ezra 10:3Ezra 10:3 encapsulates the chapter's call for covenant renewal and the necessity of addressing communal sin.
Main themes in Ezra 10
repentance
Repentance is central in Ezra 10 as the people acknowledge their sin against God, particularly in verses 2 and 11. The chapter highlights that true repentance involves public confession and a commitment to change, which the assembly embraces. This underscores the serious nature of returning to God and the necessity of aligning actions with His commandments.
Explore repentance in the Bible →covenant fidelity
Covenant fidelity surfaces strongly in Ezra 10, especially when Shecaniah calls for a commitment to God in verse 3. The returnees realize that their intermarriages breach their covenant with God, prompting a collective desire to restore their relationship with Him. This chapter emphasizes the importance of remaining faithful to God's law as a community.
communal responsibility
Communal responsibility is evident in Ezra 10 as the entire assembly gathers to address the issue of intermarriage, particularly in verses 7 and 12. The shared recognition of sin leads to a collective commitment to rectify their situation under Ezra’s leadership. This illustrates that the well-being of the community is intertwined with each individual's faithfulness.
spiritual renewal
Spiritual renewal is a key theme in Ezra 10, as the chapter depicts the people’s awakening to their sins and their resolve to return to God, particularly in verses 1 and 14. The process of confession and the subsequent actions taken signify a desire for restoration and a renewed commitment to God's ways. This renewal is vital for the community's future.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Ezra 10
- Ezra 2Ezra 2 echoes the themes of communal identity and the importance of returning to Jerusalem after exile.
- Nehemiah 13Nehemiah 13 develops the theme of separation from foreign influences as Nehemiah confronts similar issues of intermarriage.
- Ezra 9Ezra 9 connects with chapter 10 as it addresses the people's sins and the need for confession and repentance.
- Nehemiah 7Nehemiah 7 connects by emphasizing the importance of maintaining the purity of the community and adherence to God's commands.
- 2 Corinthians 62 Corinthians 6 develops the concept of being unequally yoked, paralleling Ezra's concern over intermarriage.
- Nehemiah 10Nehemiah 10 echoes the commitment to covenant fidelity and the importance of collective vows to God.
Study questions
Questions for studying Ezra 10
- Who is Shecaniah and what role does he play in this chapter?
- What were the reasons Ezra and the people mourned?
- How did Ezra's actions influence the assembly's response?
- What challenges did the people face in separating from foreign wives?
- Why is the list of offenders significant in Ezra 10?
- What does the chapter suggest about communal responsibility in sin and repentance?
- How does Ezra's prayer reflect the covenant relationship with God?
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