Daniel 9
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1In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the offspring of the Medes, who was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans, 2in the first year of his reign I, Daniel, understood by the books the number of the years about which Yahweh’s word came to Jeremiah the prophet, for the accomplishing of the desolations of Jerusalem, even seventy years. 3I set my face to the Lord God, to seek by prayer and petitions, with fasting and sackcloth and ashes. 4I prayed to Yahweh my God, and made confession, and said, “Oh, Lord, the great and dreadful God, who keeps covenant and loving kindness with those who love him and keep his commandments, 5we have sinned, and have dealt perversely, and have done wickedly, and have rebelled, even turning aside from your precepts and from your ordinances. 6We haven’t listened to your servants the prophets, who spoke in your name to our kings, our princes, and our fathers, and to all the people of the land. 7“Lord, righteousness belongs to you, but to us confusion of face, as it is today; to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and to all Israel, who are near, and who are far off, through all the countries where you have driven them, because of their trespass that they have trespassed against you. 8Lord, to us belongs confusion of face, to our kings, to our princes, and to our fathers, because we have sinned against you. 9To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgiveness; for we have rebelled against him. 10We haven’t obeyed Yahweh our God’s voice, to walk in his laws, which he set before us by his servants the prophets. 11Yes, all Israel have transgressed your law, turning aside, that they should not obey your voice. “Therefore the curse and the oath written in the law of Moses the servant of God has been poured out on us; for we have sinned against him. 12He has confirmed his words, which he spoke against us, and against our judges who judged us, by bringing on us a great evil; for under the whole sky, such has not been done as has been done to Jerusalem. 13As it is written in the law of Moses, all this evil has come on us. Yet have we not entreated the favor of Yahweh our God, that we should turn from our iniquities, and have discernment in your truth. 14Therefore Yahweh has watched over the evil, and brought it on us; for Yahweh our God is righteous in all his works which he does, and we have not obeyed his voice. 15“Now, Lord our God, who has brought your people out of the land of Egypt with a mighty hand, and have gotten yourself renown, as it is today; we have sinned. We have done wickedly. 16Lord, according to all your righteousness, let your anger and please let your wrath be turned away from your city Jerusalem, your holy mountain; because for our sins, and for the iniquities of our fathers, Jerusalem and your people have become a reproach to all who are around us. 17“Now therefore, our God, listen to the prayer of your servant, and to his petitions, and cause your face to shine on your sanctuary that is desolate, for the Lord’s sake. 18My God, turn your ear, and hear. Open your eyes, and see our desolations, and the city which is called by your name; for we do not present our petitions before you for our righteousness, but for your great mercies’ sake. 19Lord, hear. Lord, forgive. Lord, listen and do. Don’t defer, for your own sake, my God, because your city and your people are called by your name.” 20While I was speaking, and praying, and confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel, and presenting my supplication before Yahweh my God for the holy mountain of my God; 21yes, while I was speaking in prayer, the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, being caused to fly swiftly, touched me about the time of the evening offering. 22He instructed me, and talked with me, and said, Daniel, “I have now come to give you wisdom and understanding. 23At the beginning of your petitions the commandment went out, and I have come to tell you; for you are greatly beloved. Therefore consider the matter, and understand the vision. 24“Seventy weeks are decreed on your people and on your holy city, to finish disobedience, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most holy. 25“Know therefore and discern that from the going out of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem to the Anointed One, the prince, will be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will be built again, with street and moat, even in troubled times. 26After the sixty-two weeks the Anointed One will be cut off, and will have nothing. The people of the prince who come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. Its end will be with a flood, and war will be even to the end. Desolations are determined. 27He will make a firm covenant with many for one week. In the middle of the week he will cause the sacrifice and the offering to cease. On the wing of abominations will come one who makes desolate; and even to the full end, and that determined, wrath will be poured out on the desolate.”
World English Bible (public domain)
“"To the Lord our God belong mercy and forgiveness, for we have rebelled against him"”
Daniel 9:9
Summary
In Daniel 9, Daniel reflects on the prophecy of Jeremiah regarding the desolation of Jerusalem lasting seventy years. Moved by the realization that the time of prophetic fulfillment is near, Daniel turns to God in prayer, confessing the sins of Israel and pleading for mercy and restoration. He acknowledges the justice of God’s judgments but also appeals to God's mercy, emphasizing God's reputation and covenant promises. As Daniel prays, the angel Gabriel arrives and provides insight into the future of Israel, including the famous prophecy of seventy 'weeks' that outlines a timeline for the coming of the Messiah and the ultimate redemption. This chapter highlights the themes of repentance, divine justice, and future hope through God's promises.
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Chapter outline
How Daniel 9 unfolds
Daniel 9:1–2 Daniel's Context and Understanding
In the first year of Darius' reign, Daniel realizes through Scripture that the seventy years of desolation for Jerusalem are nearly complete.
Daniel 9:3–6 Daniel's Prayer of Confession
Daniel earnestly prays with fasting and confession, acknowledging Israel's sins and failure to heed the prophets.
Daniel 9:7–11 Acknowledging Sin and Confusion
He identifies the confusion faced by Israel due to their transgressions and recognizes God's righteousness in judgment.
Daniel 9:12–14 Recognition of God's Justice
Daniel reflects on the fulfillment of the curses from the law of Moses, affirming God's faithfulness to His word despite Israel's unfaithfulness.
Daniel 9:15–19 Plea for Mercy and Restoration
Daniel appeals to God's character, asking for mercy and forgiveness for Jerusalem’s sins, emphasizing God's name and reputation.
Daniel 9:20–23 Angel Gabriel's Arrival
While praying, Gabriel appears to Daniel to provide understanding about the future, highlighting Daniel's favored status.
Daniel 9:24–27 Seventy Weeks Prophecy
Gabriel reveals a prophetic timeline of seventy weeks, outlining significant events leading to the Anointed One and the eventual desolation.
Key verses
Daniel 9:9This verse encapsulates the chapter's tension between human rebellion and God's enduring mercy.
Main themes in Daniel 9
repentance
Repentance is central in Daniel's prayer where he confesses Israel's sins in verses 5-6. Daniel's acknowledgment of wrongdoing reflects a sincere desire to turn back to God, demonstrating the need for genuine contrition. The chapter develops this theme by showing that true repentance is a prerequisite for restoration and reconciliation with God, emphasizing that acknowledgment of sin is the first step toward healing.
Explore repentance in the Bible →divine mercy
Divine mercy is highlighted as Daniel pleads for forgiveness in verses 18-19, where he recognizes God's merciful nature. Despite Israel's ongoing rebellion and unfaithfulness, Daniel appeals to God's compassion and goodness, illustrating the deep reliance on divine grace. This theme reinforces the notion that hope for restoration lies in God's mercy, reminding the readers of His willingness to forgive and restore those who turn back to Him.
prophecy
The theme of prophecy emerges prominently with Gabriel's revelation in verses 24-27 regarding the seventy weeks. This prophecy outlines significant events that will shape Israel's future, including the coming of the Anointed One and the ultimate fulfillment of God's plan. By establishing a timeline for these events, the chapter provides a framework for understanding God's redemptive purpose and His sovereignty over history.
faithfulness
Daniel acknowledges God's faithfulness in His judgments and promises throughout the chapter, particularly in verses 14-15. Despite Israel's repeated unfaithfulness and failures, God's commitment to His covenant remains unshaken, illustrating His unchanging nature. This theme captures the balance of God's justice and mercy, showing how His faithfulness ensures that He remains true to His promises, even amidst the shortcomings of His people.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Daniel 9
- Nehemiah 1Both passages reflect a deep concern for Jerusalem and its restoration, emphasizing prayer and confession.
- Matthew 24Connects with the prophetic elements in Daniel regarding future desolations and the coming of the Messiah.
- Nehemiah 9Echoes themes of confession and acknowledgment of sin, alongside a plea for God's mercy toward Israel.
- Daniel 10Develops the angelic visitation motif, reinforcing the importance of divine revelation in response to prayer.
- Jeremiah 29Connects through the theme of God’s promises regarding restoration after a period of exile.
- James 5Echoes the call for prayer and confession within the community, highlighting the importance of seeking God’s mercy.
Study questions
Questions for studying Daniel 9
- What realization prompts Daniel's prayer in this chapter?
- How does Daniel confess the sins of Israel?
- What does Daniel ask of God regarding Jerusalem?
- What significance does Gabriel's message hold for Daniel?
- How do the seventy weeks relate to future events in Israel's history?
- Which attributes of God does Daniel highlight in his prayer?
- What does this chapter reveal about God's faithfulness despite Israel's unfaithfulness?
Daniel 9: frequently asked questions
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