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ScriptureDepth's study of Jeremiah 23

“Behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will raise to David a righteous Branch, and he will reign as king and deal wisely, and will execute justice and righteousness in the land.

Jeremiah 23:5

Yahweh promises a future 'righteous Branch' to David, which assures Israel's hope for a wise king who will bring justice and righteousness.

What Jeremiah 23 is about

Yahweh pronounces woe against the shepherds who have destroyed and scattered His flock (vv. 1-2). He promises to gather the remnant of His people and set up new shepherds who will care for them (vv. 3-4). A righteous Branch will be raised to David, bringing justice and safety to Judah and Israel, known as 'Yahweh our righteousness' (vv. 5-8). Jeremiah expresses deep grief over the false prophets who lead the people into sin, describing them as profane and corrupt (vv. 9-14). Yahweh declares judgment upon these prophets for their deceit and false assurances of peace (vv. 15-22). He emphasizes His omnipresence, stating no one can hide from Him (vv. 23-32). Finally, Yahweh warns of the consequences for those who misuse prophecy, promising to cast them off and bring shame (vv. 33-40).

Yahweh will bring an everlasting reproach on those who misrepresent His words.

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Jeremiah 23 at a glance

  1. Jeremiah 23:1–2Condemnation of the Shepherds
  2. Jeremiah 23:3–4Promise of Restoration
  3. Jeremiah 23:5–8The Righteous Branch
  4. Jeremiah 23:9–14Grief over False Prophets
  5. Jeremiah 23:15–22Judgment on False Prophets
  6. Jeremiah 23:23–32The Nature of God’s Presence
  7. Jeremiah 23:33–40Consequences of Misuse of Prophecy

Key verse: Jeremiah 23:5

Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.

Chapter text

Read Jeremiah 23 (WEB)

Condemnation of the Shepherds Jeremiah 23:1–2

Verse 1. “Woe to the shepherds who destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture!” says Yahweh. Verse 2. Therefore Yahweh, the God of Israel, says against the shepherds who feed my people: “You have scattered my flock, driven them away, and have not visited them. Behold, I will visit on you the evil of your doings,” says Yahweh.

Promise of Restoration Jeremiah 23:3–4

Verse 3. “I will gather the remnant of my flock out of all the countries where I have driven them, and will bring them again to their folds; and they will be fruitful and multiply. Verse 4. I will set up shepherds over them, who will feed them. They will no longer be afraid or dismayed, neither will any be lacking,” says Yahweh.

The Righteous Branch Jeremiah 23:5–8

Verse 5. “Behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will raise to David a righteous Branch, and he will reign as king and deal wisely, and will execute justice and righteousness in the land. Verse 6. In his days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell safely. This is his name by which he will be called: Yahweh our righteousness. Verse 7. “Therefore behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that they will no more say, ‘As Yahweh lives, who brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt;’ Verse 8. but, ‘As Yahweh lives, who brought up and who led the offspring of the house of Israel out of the north country, and from all the countries where I had driven them.’ Then they will dwell in their own land.”

Grief over False Prophets Jeremiah 23:9–14

Verse 9. Concerning the prophets:My heart within me is broken.All my bones shake.I am like a drunken man,and like a man whom wine has overcome,because of Yahweh,and because of his holy words.Verse 10. For the land is full of adulterers;for because of the curse the land mourns.The pastures of the wilderness have dried up.Their course is evil,and their might is not right;Verse 11. for both prophet and priest are profane.Yes, in my house I have found their wickedness,” says Yahweh.Verse 12. Therefore their way will be to them as slippery places in the darkness.They will be driven on,and fall therein;for I will bring evil on them,even the year of their visitation,” says Yahweh.Verse 13. “I have seen folly in the prophets of Samaria.They prophesied by Baal,and caused my people Israel to err.Verse 14. In the prophets of Jerusalem I have also seen a horrible thing:they commit adultery and walk in lies.They strengthen the hands of evildoers,so that no one returns from his wickedness.They have all become to me as Sodom,and its inhabitants as Gomorrah.”

Judgment on False Prophets Jeremiah 23:15–22

Verse 15. Therefore Yahweh of Armies says concerning the prophets:“Behold, I will feed them with wormwood,and make them drink the water of gall;for from the prophets of Jerusalem ungodliness has gone out into all the land.”Verse 16. Yahweh of Armies says,“Don’t listen to the words of the prophets who prophesy to you.They teach you vanity.They speak a vision of their own heart,and not out of the mouth of Yahweh.Verse 17. They say continually to those who despise me,‘Yahweh has said, “You will have peace;”’and to everyone who walks in the stubbornness of his own heart they say,‘No evil will come on you.’Verse 18. For who has stood in the council of Yahweh,that he should perceive and hear his word?Who has listened to my word, and heard it?Verse 19. Behold, Yahweh’s storm, his wrath, has gone out.Yes, a whirling storm:It will burst on the head of the wicked.Verse 20. Yahweh’s anger will not return until he has executed,and until he has performed the intents of his heart.In the latter days, you will understand it perfectly.Verse 21. I didn’t send these prophets, yet they ran.I didn’t speak to them, yet they prophesied.Verse 22. But if they had stood in my council,then they would have caused my people to hear my words,and would have turned them from their evil way,and from the evil of their doings.

The Nature of God’s Presence Jeremiah 23:23–32

Verse 23. “Am I a God at hand,” says Yahweh, “and not a God afar off? Verse 24. Can anyone hide himself in secret places so that I can’t see him?” says Yahweh. “Don’t I fill heaven and earth?” says Yahweh. Verse 25. “I have heard what the prophets have said, who prophesy lies in my name, saying, ‘I had a dream! I had a dream!’ Verse 26. How long will this be in the heart of the prophets who prophesy lies, even the prophets of the deceit of their own heart? Verse 27. They intend to cause my people to forget my name by their dreams which they each tell his neighbor, as their fathers forgot my name because of Baal.

Verse 28. The prophet who has a dream, let him tell a dream; and he who has my word, let him speak my word faithfully. What is the straw to the wheat?” says Yahweh. Verse 29. “Isn’t my word like fire?” says Yahweh; “and like a hammer that breaks the rock in pieces? Verse 30. “Therefore behold, I am against the prophets,” says Yahweh, “who each steal my words from his neighbor. Verse 31. Behold, I am against the prophets,” says Yahweh, “who use their tongues, and say, ‘He says.’ Verse 32. Behold, I am against those who prophesy lying dreams,” says Yahweh, “who tell them, and cause my people to err by their lies, and by their vain boasting; yet I didn’t send them or command them. They don’t profit this people at all,” says Yahweh.

Consequences of Misuse of Prophecy Jeremiah 23:33–40

Verse 33. “When this people, or the prophet, or a priest, asks you, saying, ‘What is the message from Yahweh?’ Then you shall tell them, ‘“What message? I will cast you off,” says Yahweh.’ Verse 34. As for the prophet, the priest, and the people, who say, ‘The message from Yahweh,’ I will even punish that man and his household. Verse 35. You will say everyone to his neighbor, and everyone to his brother, ‘What has Yahweh answered?’ and, ‘What has Yahweh said?’ Verse 36. You will mention the message from Yahweh no more: for every man’s own word has become his message; for you have perverted the words of the living God, of Yahweh of Armies, our God.

Verse 37. You will say to the prophet, ‘What has Yahweh answered you?’ and, ‘What has Yahweh spoken?’ Verse 38. Although you say, ‘The message from Yahweh;’ therefore Yahweh says: ‘Because you say this word, “The message from Yahweh,” and I have sent to you, telling you not to say, “The message from Yahweh;” Verse 39. therefore, behold, I will utterly forget you, and I will cast you off, and the city that I gave to you and to your fathers, away from my presence. Verse 40. I will bring an everlasting reproach on you, and a perpetual shame, which will not be forgotten.’”

World English Bible (public domain)

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Main themes in Jeremiah 23

Leadership accountability

In verses 1-2, Yahweh condemns the 'shepherds' who have failed to care for His people, stating, 'You have scattered my flock, driven them away, and have not visited them.' This accountability is crucial as it sets the expectation that leaders must tend to their flock. The chapter continues with a promise of restoration, where God will appoint new shepherds to care for the people, emphasizing the need for responsible leadership.

Messianic hope

In verses 5-6, Yahweh promises to raise a 'righteous Branch' from David who will reign wisely and 'execute justice and righteousness in the land.' The name given to this figure, 'Yahweh our righteousness,' signifies a deep hope for future salvation and security for Judah and Israel. This messianic expectation indicates a pivotal turn in the narrative, presenting the hope of divine intervention through a future king.

False prophets

Verses 9-14 express Yahweh's grief regarding false prophets who lead His people astray through their deceitful practices. The prophets of Jerusalem are called out for committing adultery and lying, with their actions compared to Sodom and Gomorrah. This denunciation highlights the pervasive nature of corruption among leaders and the urgent need for true prophetic voices.

Sovereignty of God's word

In verses 29-32, Yahweh asserts the power of His word, describing it as 'like fire' and 'like a hammer that breaks the rock in pieces.' The text stresses that those who distort His message will face judgment, as they do not profit the people. This sovereignty is a central theme, affirming that God's word is ultimate and cannot be undermined by human deceit.

Chapter outline

How Jeremiah 23 unfolds

  1. Jeremiah 23:1–2 Condemnation of the Shepherds

    Yahweh pronounces 'woe' against the shepherds who destroy and scatter His people, stating that they will face judgment for their actions (vv. 1-2).

  2. Jeremiah 23:3–4 Promise of Restoration

    Yahweh promises to gather the remnant of His flock from all nations and to provide them with shepherds who will ensure their safety and nourishment (vv. 3-4).

  3. Jeremiah 23:5–8 The Righteous Branch

    A future ruler, referred to as the 'righteous Branch,' will emerge from David's lineage, bringing salvation and safety to Judah and Israel (vv. 5-8).

  4. Jeremiah 23:9–14 Grief over False Prophets

    Jeremiah shares his deep anguish, stating 'My heart within me is broken' and condemns the false prophets in Jerusalem for their wickedness, comparing them to 'Sodom' and 'Gomorrah' (vv. 9-14).

  5. Jeremiah 23:15–22 Judgment on False Prophets

    Yahweh declares judgment against the false prophets, saying He will 'feed them with wormwood' and warns not to listen to their lies which promise peace while leading His people astray (vv. 15-22).

  6. Jeremiah 23:23–32 The Nature of God’s Presence

    Yahweh asserts His omnipresence, asking 'Can anyone hide himself in secret places' and condemns the prophets who lie about dreams, stating 'I am against the prophets' who mislead His people (vv. 23-32).

  7. Jeremiah 23:33–40 Consequences of Misuse of Prophecy

    Yahweh warns of dire consequences for those who misuse prophecy, stating He will forget them and bring disgrace upon them for their actions (vv. 33-40).

Key verses

  • Jeremiah 23:5Yahweh promises a future 'righteous Branch' to David, which assures Israel's hope for a wise king who will bring justice and righteousness.

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Study questions

Questions for studying Jeremiah 23

Uses your daily Ask questions.

  1. observeIn v1, who does Yahweh pronounce 'woe' to in this chapter?
  2. observeWhat do the shepherds do to the flock in v2 that Yahweh condemns?
  3. interpretIn vv. 14-15, how does Yahweh describe the prophets of Jerusalem compared to Sodom and Gomorrah?
  4. interpretIn v28, what does Yahweh mean when he contrasts 'the straw' with 'the wheat'?
  5. applyWhen have you felt led astray by false words like in v16, where prophets teach vanity?

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Jeremiah 23: frequently asked questions

What is Jeremiah 23 about?+
Yahweh pronounces woe against the shepherds who have destroyed and scattered His flock (vv. 1-2).
What is the key verse in Jeremiah 23?+
Jeremiah 23:5: “Behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will raise to David a righteous Branch, and he will reign as king and deal wisely, and will execute justice and righteousness in the land.”
What are the main themes of Jeremiah 23?+
The main themes of Jeremiah 23 are Leadership accountability, Messianic hope, False prophets, Sovereignty of God's word.

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