ScriptureDepth's study of Numbers 23
“God is not a man, that he should lie, nor a son of man, that he should repent. Has he said, and will he not do it? Or has he spoken, and will he not make it good?”
Numbers 23:19
Balaam speaks these words to Balak about God's unchanging nature, settling the matter that he cannot curse those whom God has blessed, as he must speak only what Yahweh commands.
What Numbers 23 is about
Balaam instructed Balak to build seven altars and prepare seven bulls and seven rams for offerings (vv. 1-2). After the preparations, Balaam went to a bare height to meet God, who put a word in his mouth (vv. 3-6). He returned to Balak and delivered his first oracle, stating that he cannot curse whom God has not cursed (vv. 7-12). Balak, frustrated by this blessing, urged Balaam to try again from another location (vv. 13-19). Balaam then received a command from God to bless Israel again, proclaiming Israel’s strength and divine favor (vv. 20-24). Despite Balak's insistence that Balaam neither curse nor bless them, Balaam reiterated his commitment to speak only what Yahweh commands (vv. 25-30). Balak once more took Balaam to another place, urging him to repeat the process of offerings.
Yahweh has blessed Israel and will not reverse it, affirming their distinctiveness among nations.
Numbers 23 at a glance
- Numbers 23:1–2Balaam's Preparation for Cursing
- Numbers 23:3–6God's Meeting with Balaam
- Numbers 23:7–12First Oracle: Blessing instead of Cursing
- Numbers 23:13–19Balak's Frustration and Balaam's Response
- Numbers 23:20–24Second Oracle: Israel's Strength
- Numbers 23:25–30Balak's Continued Requests
Key verse: Numbers 23:19
One thing to notice
In verses 7, 11, and 25, Balak asks Balaam to curse Israel. Balaam responds each time with 'How shall I curse whom God has not cursed?' This shows Balak’s desire for a negative pronouncement against Israel that is not fulfilled.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Numbers 23 (WEB)
Balaam's Preparation for Cursing Numbers 23:1–2
1Verse 1. Balaam said to Balak, “Build here seven altars for me, and prepare here seven bulls and seven rams for me.” 2Verse 2. Balak did as Balaam had spoken; and Balak and Balaam offered on every altar a bull and a ram.
God's Meeting with Balaam Numbers 23:3–6
3Verse 3. Balaam said to Balak, “Stand by your burnt offering, and I will go. Perhaps Yahweh will come to meet me. Whatever he shows me I will tell you.” He went to a bare height. 4Verse 4. God met Balaam, and he said to him, “I have prepared the seven altars, and I have offered up a bull and a ram on every altar.” 5Verse 5. Yahweh put a word in Balaam’s mouth, and said, “Return to Balak, and thus you shall speak.” 6Verse 6. He returned to him, and behold, he was standing by his burnt offering, he, and all the princes of Moab.
First Oracle: Blessing instead of Cursing Numbers 23:7–12
7Verse 7. He took up his parable, and said,“From Aram has Balak brought me,the king of Moab from the mountains of the East.Come, curse Jacob for me.Come, defy Israel.8Verse 8. How shall I curse whom God has not cursed?How shall I defy whom Yahweh has not defied?9Verse 9. For from the top of the rocks I see him.From the hills I see him.Behold, it is a people that dwells alone,and shall not be listed among the nations.10Verse 10. Who can count the dust of Jacob,or count the fourth part of Israel?Let me die the death of the righteous!Let my last end be like his!”11Verse 11. Balak said to Balaam, “What have you done to me? I took you to curse my enemies, and behold, you have blessed them altogether.”12Verse 12. He answered and said, “Must I not take heed to speak that which Yahweh puts in my mouth?”
Balak's Frustration and Balaam's Response Numbers 23:13–19
13Verse 13. Balak said to him, “Please come with me to another place, where you may see them. You shall see just part of them, and shall not see them all. Curse them from there for me.” 14Verse 14. He took him into the field of Zophim, to the top of Pisgah, and built seven altars, and offered up a bull and a ram on every altar. 15Verse 15. He said to Balak, “Stand here by your burnt offering, while I meet God over there.” 16Verse 16. Yahweh met Balaam, and put a word in his mouth, and said, “Return to Balak, and say this.” 17Verse 17. He came to him, and behold, he was standing by his burnt offering, and the princes of Moab with him. Balak said to him, “What has Yahweh spoken?”
18Verse 18. He took up his parable, and said, “Rise up, Balak, and hear! Listen to me, you son of Zippor. 19Verse 19. God is not a man, that he should lie, nor a son of man, that he should repent. Has he said, and will he not do it? Or has he spoken, and will he not make it good?
Second Oracle: Israel's Strength Numbers 23:20–24
20Verse 20. Behold, I have received a command to bless.He has blessed, and I can’t reverse it.21Verse 21. He has not seen iniquity in Jacob.Neither has he seen perverseness in Israel.Yahweh his God is with him.The shout of a king is among them.22Verse 22. God brings them out of Egypt.He has as it were the strength of the wild ox.23Verse 23. Surely there is no enchantment with Jacob;Neither is there any divination with Israel.Now it shall be said of Jacob and of Israel,‘What has God done!’24Verse 24. Behold, the people rises up as a lioness.As a lion he lifts himself up.He shall not lie down until he eats of the prey,and drinks the blood of the slain.”
Balak's Continued Requests Numbers 23:25–30
25Verse 25. Balak said to Balaam, “Neither curse them at all, nor bless them at all.” 26Verse 26. But Balaam answered Balak, “Didn’t I tell you, saying, ‘All that Yahweh speaks, that I must do?’” 27Verse 27. Balak said to Balaam, “Come now, I will take you to another place; perhaps it will please God that you may curse them for me from there.” 28Verse 28. Balak took Balaam to the top of Peor, that looks down on the desert. 29Verse 29. Balaam said to Balak, “Build seven altars for me here, and prepare seven bulls and seven rams for me here.” 30Verse 30. Balak did as Balaam had said, and offered up a bull and a ram on every altar.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Numbers 23
Divine Sovereignty
In this chapter, God's sovereignty is evident as Balaam speaks only what Yahweh commands. In v. 5, Yahweh puts a word in Balaam's mouth, showing His control over Balaam's actions. This theme continues in v. 20, where Balaam declares, 'He has blessed, and I can’t reverse it,' emphasizing that God’s will cannot be altered by human desires.
Blessings and Curses
Balaam's original intent to curse Israel is thwarted, as seen in v. 8, where he states, 'How shall I curse whom God has not cursed?' The text clearly shows that despite Balak's requests for cursing, Balaam can only bless Israel. In v. 12, he affirms that he must speak what Yahweh puts in his mouth, reinforcing the theme that divine will overrides human curses.
Faithfulness of God
God’s faithfulness is highlighted through His consistent protection of Israel. In v. 21, it is declared, 'Yahweh his God is with him,' indicating God’s presence among the people. Additionally, in v. 23, Balaam notes that 'there is no enchantment with Jacob,' suggesting that God remains faithful to His covenant, rendering any attempts to curse Israel ineffective.
Prophecy and Its Fulfillment
Prophecy unfolds as Balaam speaks what God reveals to him, starting in v. 5 when Yahweh meets Balaam and provides a message. The oracles in vv. 8-10 and 20-24 present visions of Israel’s future strength and blessing, affirming that God's words through Balaam will come to pass. This movement from request to divine decree illustrates the certainty of prophetic fulfillment.
Chapter outline
How Numbers 23 unfolds
Numbers 23:1–2 Balaam's Preparation for Cursing
Balaam instructs Balak to 'build here seven altars for me, and prepare here seven bulls and seven rams for me' (vv. 1-2). Balak complies, and they offer sacrifices on each altar.
Numbers 23:3–6 God's Meeting with Balaam
God meets Balaam after the sacrifices and commands him to relay a specific message to Balak (vv. 3-6). This interaction emphasizes Balaam's role as a messenger who must speak only what God says.
Numbers 23:7–12 First Oracle: Blessing instead of Cursing
Balaam relays a parable to Balak, declaring that he cannot curse whom God has not cursed (v. 8). His blessings for Israel highlight their protected status, surprising Balak (vv. 10-12).
Numbers 23:13–19 Balak's Frustration and Balaam's Response
Balak tells Balaam to 'come with me to another place' to see part of Israel and 'curse them from there' (vv. 13-14). Balaam affirms that he must follow God's word after Yahweh speaks to him.
Numbers 23:20–24 Second Oracle: Israel's Strength
In his second oracle, Balaam declares Israel's strength, stating that God is with them and cannot be reversed (vv. 20-22). Balaam emphasizes that no enchantment or divination will work against them (vv. 23-24).
Numbers 23:25–30 Balak's Continued Requests
Balak continues to solicit Balaam to curse Israel from yet another location, showing his persistence despite Balaam’s prior blessings (vv. 25-27). Balaam again insists on obedience to God's words while preparing for further sacrifices (vv. 29-30).
Key verses
Numbers 23:19Balaam speaks these words to Balak about God's unchanging nature, settling the matter that he cannot curse those whom God has blessed, as he must speak only what Yahweh commands.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Numbers 23
- observeIn v2, what did Balak offer on every altar?
- observeIn v20, what does Balaam say about God's blessing?
- interpretBalaam's repeated compliance, vv. 26-27: what does this suggest about his understanding of God's will?
- interpretBalak asking Balaam to curse Israel in v13: what does this tell us about his strategy?
- applyWhen have you found yourself caught between your intentions and what God seems to want as Balaam does in v12?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Numbers 23
- Matthew 24Numbers 23:19 and Matthew 24:35Both affirm God's word: Numbers 23:19 states God will do it, while Matthew 24:35 says my words will not pass away.
- Malachi 3Numbers 23:19 and Malachi 3:6Both declare God does not change: Numbers 23:19 affirms He acts on His word, while Malachi 3:6 states He does not change.
- Numbers 22Numbers 23:20 and Numbers 22:12Both confirm God's blessing: Numbers 23:20 says I can’t reverse it, while Numbers 22:12 states they are blessed.
- James 1Numbers 23:19 and James 1:17Both affirm God does not lie: Numbers 23:19 states He will do it, while James 1:17 says with whom can be no variation.
- 1 Samuel 15Numbers 23:19 and 1 Samuel 15:29Both declare God does not lie or repent: Numbers 23:19 states He will do it, while 1 Samuel 15:29 emphasizes He will not repent.
- Numbers 24Numbers 23:23 and Numbers 24:1Both affirm God's blessing: Numbers 23:23 indicates no enchantment, while Numbers 24:1 shows Balaam did not use enchantments.
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