ScriptureDepth's study of Romans 16
“The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all! Amen.”
Romans 16:24
Paul writes this greeting to the Roman believers, concluding his letter with a blessing of grace, which unifies and encourages them as they face challenges.
What Romans 16 is about
Paul commends Phoebe, a servant of the assembly at Cenchreae, and urges the Romans to support her (vv. 1-2). He greets his fellow workers, Prisca and Aquila, who risked their lives for him, and mentions the assembly in their house (vv. 3-5). He acknowledges more laborers, including Mary and Andronicus with Junia, who were notable among the apostles (vv. 6-12). Paul greets Rufus, the chosen in the Lord, and encourages unity with a holy kiss, stating that the assemblies of Christ greet the Romans (vv. 13-16). He warns against those causing divisions and stumbling, stating they do not serve Christ but their own appetites (vv. 17-18). Paul expresses joy over the obedience of the Romans and desires their wisdom in good and innocence in evil (vv. 19-20). Finally, Tertius, who writes the letter, greets them, and Paul concludes with a blessing (vv. 21-24, 25).
The God of peace will quickly crush Satan under your feet; the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you.
Romans 16 at a glance
- Romans 16:1–2Commendation of Phoebe
- Romans 16:3–5Greetings to Fellow Workers
- Romans 16:6–12Acknowledgment of More Laborers
- Romans 16:13–16Greetings and Unity
- Romans 16:17–20Warning Against Dividers
- Romans 16:21–24Final Greetings and Doxology
- Romans 16:25Concluding Remarks
Key verse: Romans 16:24
One thing to notice
Verses 17-20 shift the tone from personal greetings to a warning about divisive individuals in the church. Paul urges the recipients to be careful about those 'causing the divisions' and to be wise in what is good, contrasting community unity with the dangers of division.
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Chapter text
Read Romans 16 (WEB)
Commendation of Phoebe Romans 16:1–2
1Verse 1. I commend to you Phoebe, our sister, who is a servant of the assembly that is at Cenchreae, 2Verse 2. that you receive her in the Lord, in a way worthy of the saints, and that you assist her in whatever matter she may need from you, for she herself also has been a helper of many, and of my own self.
Greetings to Fellow Workers Romans 16:3–5
3Verse 3. Greet Prisca and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus, 4Verse 4. who for my life, laid down their own necks; to whom not only I give thanks, but also all the assemblies of the Gentiles. 5Verse 5. Greet the assembly that is in their house. Greet Epaenetus, my beloved, who is the first fruits of Achaia to Christ.
Acknowledgment of More Laborers Romans 16:6–12
6Verse 6. Greet Mary, who labored much for us. 7Verse 7. Greet Andronicus and Junia, my relatives and my fellow prisoners, who are notable among the apostles, who were also in Christ before me. 8Verse 8. Greet Amplias, my beloved in the Lord. 9Verse 9. Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and Stachys, my beloved. 10Verse 10. Greet Apelles, the approved in Christ. Greet those who are of the household of Aristobulus. 11Verse 11. Greet Herodion, my kinsman. Greet them of the household of Narcissus, who are in the Lord.
12Verse 12. Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa, who labor in the Lord. Greet Persis, the beloved, who labored much in the Lord.
Greetings and Unity Romans 16:13–16
13Verse 13. Greet Rufus, the chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine. 14Verse 14. Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers who are with them. 15Verse 15. Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them. 16Verse 16. Greet one another with a holy kiss. The assemblies of Christ greet you.
Warning Against Dividers Romans 16:17–20
17Verse 17. Now I beg you, brothers, look out for those who are causing the divisions and occasions of stumbling, contrary to the doctrine which you learned, and turn away from them. 18Verse 18. For those who are such don’t serve our Lord, Jesus Christ, but their own belly; and by their smooth and flattering speech, they deceive the hearts of the innocent. 19Verse 19. For your obedience has become known to all. I rejoice therefore over you. But I desire to have you wise in that which is good, but innocent in that which is evil. 20Verse 20. And the God of peace will quickly crush Satan under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you.
Final Greetings and Doxology Romans 16:21–24
21Verse 21. Timothy, my fellow worker, greets you, as do Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater, my relatives. 22Verse 22. I, Tertius, who write the letter, greet you in the Lord. 23Verse 23. Gaius, my host and host of the whole assembly, greets you. Erastus, the treasurer of the city, greets you, as does Quartus, the brother. 24Verse 24. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all! Amen.
Concluding Remarks Romans 16:25
25Verse 25.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Romans 16
Christian fellowship
Phoebe is commended as a 'servant of the assembly that is at Cenchreae' (v. 1), indicating her active role in the community. Paul urges the Roman believers to receive her 'in the Lord' (v. 2), demonstrating the bonds of fellowship among believers. This theme continues with greetings to various individuals who have worked together in Christ, like Prisca and Aquila, showing a network of supportive relationships in the faith.
unity and diversity
This chapter presents a diverse assembly of individuals who played significant roles in the early church, including 'Andronicus and Junia' (v. 7) and 'Rufus, the chosen in the Lord' (v. 13). Paul acknowledges both men and women from various backgrounds, illustrating the unity found within this diversity. The mention of different house churches, such as that of Prisca and Aquila (v. 5), further indicates the collaborative spirit that permeates the early Christian community.
discernment
Paul warns the Roman believers to 'look out for those who are causing the divisions' (v. 17), urging them to be discerning regarding false teachings. He describes such individuals as not serving 'our Lord, Jesus Christ, but their own belly' (v. 18), highlighting the need for vigilance against deceptive influences. This call to discernment is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the church's doctrine and unity.
God's sovereignty
In the concluding remarks, Paul expresses confidence in God's power, stating that 'the God of peace will quickly crush Satan under your feet' (v. 20). This statement affirms God's ultimate authority and victory over evil. The chapter closes with a doxology, 'the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you' (v. 24), reinforcing the assurance of God's presence and sovereignty in the life of the church.
Chapter outline
How Romans 16 unfolds
Romans 16:1–2 Commendation of Phoebe
Paul commends Phoebe, a servant of the assembly at Cenchreae, urging the Romans to 'receive her in the Lord' and assist her in her needs, recognizing her previous help for many, including himself (vv. 1-2).
Romans 16:3–5 Greetings to Fellow Workers
Paul sends greetings to Prisca and Aquila, noting their significant sacrifices for him, and he acknowledges the assembly that meets in their house, along with Epaenetus, the first fruits of Achaia to Christ (vv. 3-5).
Romans 16:6–12 Acknowledgment of More Laborers
Paul acknowledges more laborers, including Mary, Andronicus, and Junia, who are 'notable among the apostles,' as well as Tryphaena and Tryphosa, emphasizing their hard work in the Lord (vv. 6-12).
Romans 16:13–16 Greetings and Unity
Paul greets Rufus, his mother, and various individuals in the assembly, instructing them to 'greet one another with a holy kiss,' showing their unity in Christ (vv. 13-16).
Romans 16:17–20 Warning Against Dividers
Paul urges the brothers to 'look out for those who are causing the divisions,' warning them against individuals who do not serve Christ but deceive others through flattering speech (vv. 17-20).
Romans 16:21–24 Final Greetings and Doxology
Final greetings come from Paul's companions, including Timothy and Gaius, concluding with a doxology that extends grace to all, affirming the Christian community's connection (vv. 21-24).
Romans 16:25 Concluding Remarks
Paul's concluding remarks are brief, culminating with a final mention of God's ability to strengthen the believers according to the revelation of the mystery kept secret for ages (v. 25).
Key verses
Romans 16:24Paul writes this greeting to the Roman believers, concluding his letter with a blessing of grace, which unifies and encourages them as they face challenges.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Romans 16
- observeIn v1, who does Paul commend to the Roman church?
- observeWhat relationship do Prisca and Aquila have with Paul in v3?
- interpretIn v17, what does Paul mean by 'those who are causing the divisions'?
- interpretWhy does Paul refer to Timothy as a 'fellow worker' in v21?
- applyWhen have you welcomed someone in need, like Paul encourages in v2?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Romans 16
- Luke 10Romans 16:20 and Luke 10:19Both crush Satan: Romans 16:20 says God will crush Satan under your feet, while Luke 10:19 gives authority over the enemy.
- Genesis 3Romans 16:20 and Genesis 3:15Both crush Satan: Romans 16:20 speaks of crushing Satan, while Genesis 3:15 prophesies the bruising of the serpent's head.
- Ephesians 3Romans 16:25 and Ephesians 3:20The link is thematic: Both verses reference mystery and God's capability to accomplish great things.
- 1 Corinthians 16Romans 16:16 and 1 Corinthians 16:20Both greet with a kiss: Romans 16:16 instructs to greet with a holy kiss, while 1 Corinthians 16:20 does the same.
- Romans 1Romans 16:19 and Romans 1:8Both speak of faith: Romans 16:19 notes obedience known to all, while Romans 1:8 mentions faith proclaimed worldwide.
- 2 Thessalonians 3Romans 16:17 and 2 Thessalonians 3:6Both warn against divisions: Romans 16:17 urges to watch out for divisive people, while 2 Thessalonians 3:6 commands withdrawal.
Related chapters
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Studied in
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Where to go from here
- Romans: the whole bookPaul wrote Romans from Corinth around AD 57, near the end of his third missionary journey, to a church he had…
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