Ruth 4
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1Now Boaz went up to the gate, and sat down there. Behold, the near kinsman of whom Boaz spoke came by. He said to him, “Come over here, friend, and sit down!” He came over, and sat down. 2He took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, “Sit down here,” and they sat down. 3He said to the near kinsman, “Naomi, who has come back out of the country of Moab, is selling the parcel of land, which was our brother Elimelech’s. 4I thought I should tell you, saying, ‘Buy it before those who sit here, and before the elders of my people.’ If you will redeem it, redeem it; but if you will not redeem it, then tell me, that I may know. For there is no one to redeem it besides you; and I am after you.” He said, “I will redeem it.” 5Then Boaz said, “On the day you buy the field from the hand of Naomi, you must buy it also from Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of the dead, to raise up the name of the dead on his inheritance.” 6The near kinsman said, “I can’t redeem it for myself, lest I endanger my own inheritance. Take my right of redemption for yourself; for I can’t redeem it.” 7Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man took off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbor; and this was the way of formalizing transactions in Israel. 8So the near kinsman said to Boaz, “Buy it for yourself,” then he took off his shoe. 9Boaz said to the elders, and to all the people, “You are witnesses today, that I have bought all that was Elimelech’s, and all that was Chilion’s and Mahlon’s, from the hand of Naomi. 10Moreover Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, I have purchased to be my wife, to raise up the name of the dead on his inheritance, that the name of the dead may not be cut off from among his brothers, and from the gate of his place. You are witnesses today.” 11All the people who were in the gate, and the elders, said, “We are witnesses. May Yahweh make the woman who has come into your house like Rachel and like Leah, which both built the house of Israel; and treat you worthily in Ephrathah, and be famous in Bethlehem. 12Let your house be like the house of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah, of the offspring which Yahweh will give you by this young woman.” 13So Boaz took Ruth, and she became his wife; and he went in to her, and Yahweh enabled her to conceive, and she bore a son. 14The women said to Naomi, “Blessed be Yahweh, who has not left you today without a near kinsman. Let his name be famous in Israel. 15He shall be to you a restorer of life, and sustain you in your old age, for your daughter-in-law, who loves you, who is better to you than seven sons, has given birth to him.” 16Naomi took the child, and laid him in her bosom, and became nurse to it. 17The women, her neighbors, gave him a name, saying, “A son is born to Naomi”. They named him Obed. He is the father of Jesse, the father of David. 18Now this is the history of the generations of Perez: Perez became the father of Hezron, 19and Hezron became the father of Ram, and Ram became the father of Amminadab, 20and Amminadab became the father of Nahshon, and Nahshon became the father of Salmon, 21and Salmon became the father of Boaz, and Boaz became the father of Obed, 22and Obed became the father of Jesse, and Jesse became the father of David.
World English Bible (public domain)
“And may your house be like the house of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah, because of the offspring that the Lord will give you by this young woman.”
Ruth 4:12
Summary
In Ruth chapter 4, we see the resolution of the story as Boaz steps up to redeem Ruth and Naomi. After gathering the town's elders, Boaz confronts the nearer kinsman who has the first right to redeem Naomi's land. The closer relative ultimately declines to redeem it, fearing it would compromise his own inheritance, thus allowing Boaz to take on the role of redeemer. Boaz then marries Ruth, and they conceive a child named Obed, who becomes the grandfather of King David. This chapter highlights the themes of redemption, loyalty, and God's providential plan, showcasing how God uses ordinary people to fulfill His greater purposes. Ruth's faith and Boaz's integrity exemplify dedication to family and the importance of community support, while the lineage that results from their union points to God's unfolding redemption through Jesus Christ.
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Chapter outline
How Ruth 4 unfolds
Ruth 4:1–4 Boaz Confronts the Kinsman
Boaz goes to the city gate and meets the nearer kinsman. He presents the opportunity to redeem Naomi’s land, highlighting the cultural duty involved.
Ruth 4:5–7 Kinsman's Reluctance to Redeem
Boaz explains that redeeming the land includes marrying Ruth. The kinsman declines, fearing for his own inheritance, thus relinquishing his right.
Ruth 4:8–12 Formalizing the Redemption
The kinsman removes his sandal to formalize the transaction, and Boaz declares his purchase of Naomi's land and Ruth.
Ruth 4:13–17 Boaz Marries Ruth
Boaz marries Ruth, and with God’s blessing, she bears a son named Obed. The women's joy emphasizes the restoration of Naomi.
Ruth 4:18–22 Genealogy of David
The chapter concludes with a genealogy tracing Obed to David, underscoring the significance of this redemption in Israel's history.
Key verses
Ruth 4:12Ruth 4:12 illustrates the significance of Boaz and Ruth's union in the unfolding plan of redemption, connecting to the lineage of David.
Main themes in Ruth 4
redemption
The theme of redemption emerges as Boaz steps forward to redeem Naomi’s land and marry Ruth in verses 5 and 9. This act not only fulfills a legal obligation but also preserves the family line, showcasing the importance of community and responsibility in God's plan. Ultimately, Boaz's actions illustrate how personal choices align with divine providence, emphasizing redemption’s broader significance in biblical history.
faithfulness
Faithfulness is evident in Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi and Boaz’s commitment to his duties in verses 10 and 15. These acts of faithfulness demonstrate deep relational bonds and covenant responsibilities that characterize the community’s values. In this chapter, faithfulness not only strengthens personal relationships but also plays a pivotal role in God's unfolding plan of redemption.
providence
Providence is intricately woven throughout Ruth 4, particularly as God enables Ruth to conceive through Boaz in verse 13. This child, Obed, becomes part of the lineage of David, illustrating God's preparation for future redemptive work. The chapter reveals how God orchestrates seemingly ordinary events to fulfill His purposes in history.
community
The theme of community is highlighted as the elders and townspeople witness and bless Boaz and Ruth in verses 11 and 12. Their participation underscores the social fabric that supports individual actions and decisions. In Ruth 4, community not only affirms personal commitments but also plays a vital role in God’s plan for Israel.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Ruth 4
- Deuteronomy 25The custom of levirate marriage is referenced, connecting Boaz’s actions to Israelite law regarding family inheritance.
- 1 Chronicles 2This genealogy echoes the lineage of David, highlighting the importance of Boaz and Ruth's union in Israel's history.
- Matthew 1The genealogy of Jesus connects back to this chapter, developing the theme of redemption through the lineage of David.
- Ruth 3The previous chapter sets up the necessity for Boaz to redeem Ruth, leading to the resolution seen in this chapter.
- Genesis 29The theme of inheritance and familial duty echoes the stories of Jacob, further connecting the importance of maintaining family lines.
- Ruth 2Ruth's gleaning in the fields of Boaz sets the context for their relationship and the redemption theme developed in this chapter.
Study questions
Questions for studying Ruth 4
- Who does Boaz meet at the city gate?
- What reasons does the nearer kinsman give for declining redemption?
- How does Boaz's actions fulfill his responsibility?
- What blessings do the people pronounce over Boaz and Ruth?
- What is the significance of naming the child Obed?
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