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ScriptureDepth's study of 1 Chronicles 11

David longed, and said, “Oh that one would give me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate!”

1 Chronicles 11:17

David expresses his longing to his men for water from the well of Bethlehem, which marks his desire for home during his time of struggle in Jerusalem.

What 1 Chronicles 11 is about

All Israel gathered at Hebron to support David, declaring, 'We are your bone and your flesh' (vv. 1-2). They acknowledged David's leadership under Saul and recognized Yahweh's choice of him as shepherd and prince. The elders of Israel anointed David king, fulfilling Yahweh's promise via Samuel (v. 3). David then moved to Jerusalem, defeating the Jebusites and taking the stronghold of Zion (vv. 4-6). His reign prospered as Yahweh was with him (v. 9). The chapter lists David's mighty men, starting with Jashobeam, who killed three hundred enemies (vv. 10-11). Eleazar and the three men defended a barley field against the Philistines, leading to a significant victory (vv. 13-14). David expressed a longing for water from Bethlehem, and three men risked their lives to bring it to him, which he poured out as an offering (vv. 15-19). Abishai and Benaiah performed notable feats (vv. 20-25), and the chapter concludes with a list of David's warriors (vv. 26-47).

David's leadership and the loyalty of his warriors demonstrate the strength of unity and commitment to God's purpose.

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1 Chronicles 11 at a glance

  1. 1 Chronicles 11:1–3David Anointed King at Hebron
  2. 1 Chronicles 11:4–9David Takes Jerusalem
  3. 1 Chronicles 11:10–14David's Mighty Men
  4. 1 Chronicles 11:15–19David's Longing for Water
  5. 1 Chronicles 11:20–25Valiant Deeds of Abishai and Benaiah
  6. 1 Chronicles 11:26–47List of David's Warriors

Key verse: 1 Chronicles 11:17

One thing to notice

In verses 1-2, all Israel comes to David at Hebron, saying, 'Behold, we are your bone and your flesh.' They recall David's leadership during Saul's reign. In verse 3, they make a covenant before Yahweh and anoint David as king over Israel.

Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.

Chapter text

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David Anointed King at Hebron 1 Chronicles 11:1–3

Verse 1. Then all Israel gathered themselves to David to Hebron, saying, “Behold, we are your bone and your flesh. Verse 2. In times past, even when Saul was king, it was you who led out and brought in Israel. Yahweh your God said to you, ‘You shall be shepherd of my people Israel, and you shall be prince over my people Israel.’” Verse 3. So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before Yahweh; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to Yahweh’s word by Samuel.

David Takes Jerusalem 1 Chronicles 11:4–9

Verse 4. David and all Israel went to Jerusalem (also called Jebus); and the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land, were there. Verse 5. The inhabitants of Jebus said to David, “You will not come in here.” Nevertheless David took the stronghold of Zion. The same is David’s city. Verse 6. David said, “Whoever strikes the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain.” Joab the son of Zeruiah went up first, and was made chief. Verse 7. David lived in the stronghold; therefore they called it David’s city. Verse 8. He built the city all around, from Millo even around; and Joab repaired the rest of the city. Verse 9. David grew greater and greater; for Yahweh of Armies was with him.

David's Mighty Men 1 Chronicles 11:10–14

Verse 10. Now these are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who showed themselves strong with him in his kingdom, together with all Israel, to make him king, according to Yahweh’s word concerning Israel. Verse 11. This is the number of the mighty men whom David had: Jashobeam, the son of a Hachmonite, the chief of the thirty; he lifted up his spear against three hundred and killed them at one time. Verse 12. After him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighty men. Verse 13. He was with David at Pasdammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where there was a plot of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines.

Verse 14. They stood in the middle of the plot, defended it, and killed the Philistines; and Yahweh saved them by a great victory.

David's Longing for Water 1 Chronicles 11:15–19

Verse 15. Three of the thirty chief men went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the army of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim. Verse 16. David was then in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was in Bethlehem at that time. Verse 17. David longed, and said, “Oh that one would give me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate!” Verse 18. The three broke through the army of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David; but David would not drink any of it, but poured it out to Yahweh,

Verse 19. and said, “My God forbid me, that I should do this! Shall I drink the blood of these men who have put their lives in jeopardy?” For they risked their lives to bring it. Therefore he would not drink it. The three mighty men did these things.

Valiant Deeds of Abishai and Benaiah 1 Chronicles 11:20–25

Verse 20. Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three; for he lifted up his spear against three hundred and killed them, and had a name among the three. Verse 21. Of the three, he was more honorable than the two, and was made their captain; however he wasn’t included in the three. Verse 22. Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done mighty deeds, killed the two sons of Ariel of Moab. He also went down and killed a lion in the middle of a pit on a snowy day. Verse 23. He killed an Egyptian, a man of great stature, five cubits high. In the Egyptian’s hand was a spear like a weaver’s beam; and he went down to him with a staff, plucked the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand, and killed him with his own spear.

Verse 24. Benaiah the son of Jehoiada did these things, and had a name among the three mighty men. Verse 25. Behold, he was more honorable than the thirty, but he didn’t attain to the three; and David set him over his guard.

List of David's Warriors 1 Chronicles 11:26–47

Verse 26. The mighty men of the armies also include Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem, Verse 27. Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite, Verse 28. Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Anathothite, Verse 29. Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite, Verse 30. Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite, Verse 31. Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite,

Verse 32. Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite, Verse 33. Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite, Verse 34. the sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shagee the Hararite, Verse 35. Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur, Verse 36. Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite, Verse 37. Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai,

Verse 38. Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Hagri, Verse 39. Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armor bearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah, Verse 40. Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, Verse 41. Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai, Verse 42. Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a chief of the Reubenites, and thirty with him, Verse 43. Hanan the son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,

Verse 44. Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jeiel the sons of Hotham the Aroerite, Verse 45. Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his brother, the Tizite, Verse 46. Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite, Verse 47. Eliel, and Obed, and Jaasiel the Mezobaite.

World English Bible (public domain)

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Main themes in 1 Chronicles 11

Leadership and Anointing

In verses 1-3, all Israel gathers to David in Hebron, stating, 'Behold, we are your bone and your flesh.' They acknowledge David's leadership during Saul's reign, where he led Israel and received God's command to be 'shepherd of my people Israel.' The elders come to David, confirming his kingship through a covenant, and David's anointing signifies formal recognition of his role as Israel’s leader.

Faithfulness and Loyalty

David’s first act as king in verses 1-3 is to establish a covenant with the elders of Israel, demonstrating a mutual commitment. In verse 18, his mighty men show their loyalty by risking their lives to fetch water from the well of Bethlehem for him. David's response in verse 19, pouring out the water as an offering to Yahweh, reveals his faithfulness to the lives and sacrifices of his men.

Divine Providence

In verse 9, the text notes that David became greater because Yahweh of Armies was with him. This statement indicates that David's success and leadership were influenced by divine favor. Additionally, verses 14 and 19 attribute the victories and actions of David's men to Yahweh’s providence, confirming that God played a role in the outcomes of their battles and efforts.

Unity in Purpose

The gathering of all Israel to David in verse 1 shows a collective acknowledgment of his leadership and unity among the tribes. The anointing in verse 3 and the agreement to make David king indicate a desire for consolidated leadership under one ruler. Furthermore, the valiant deeds of David's mighty men in verses 10-19 demonstrate their shared objectives and commitment to supporting David's reign.

Chapter outline

How 1 Chronicles 11 unfolds

  1. 1 Chronicles 11:1–3 David Anointed King at Hebron

    All Israel gathers at Hebron to declare their loyalty to David, stating their kinship with him, and they acknowledge his past leadership as Yahweh's chosen shepherd for Israel (vv. 1-2). David makes a covenant with the elders and is anointed king over Israel (v. 3).

  2. 1 Chronicles 11:4–9 David Takes Jerusalem

    David leads Israel to Jerusalem, encountering resistance from the Jebusites, but he captures the city, establishing it as his stronghold and renaming it David's city (vv. 4-7). His growing power is attributed to Yahweh's presence with him (v. 9).

  3. 1 Chronicles 11:10–14 David's Mighty Men

    David's mighty men are named, including Jashobeam who 'lifted up his spear against three hundred and killed them at one time' (v. 11). Eleazar defended a plot of ground during a battle, leading to a 'great victory' (v. 14).

  4. 1 Chronicles 11:15–19 David's Longing for Water

    Three of David's mighty men break through enemy lines to fetch water from Bethlehem, which David then pours out as an offering to Yahweh, acknowledging their bravery and sacrifice (vv. 15-19).

  5. 1 Chronicles 11:20–25 Valiant Deeds of Abishai and Benaiah

    Abishai and Benaiah perform notable acts of valor, with Abishai killing three hundred men, while Benaiah defeats a lion and an Egyptian warrior, earning distinction among David's warriors (vv. 20-25).

  6. 1 Chronicles 11:26–47 List of David's Warriors

    David's warriors are listed, including Asahel, Elhanan, and Uriah. Notable figures like Benaiah and Joab's armor bearer are named, recounting their inclusion among the 'mighty men of the armies' (vv. 26-47).

Key verses

  • 1 Chronicles 11:17David expresses his longing to his men for water from the well of Bethlehem, which marks his desire for home during his time of struggle in Jerusalem.

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Study questions

Questions for studying 1 Chronicles 11

Uses your daily Ask questions.

  1. observeIn v3, what does David do before the elders of Israel in Hebron?
  2. observeWhat does David say to the Jebusites in v6 before the battle?
  3. interpretDavid's actions in v19: why does he pour out the water instead of drinking it?
  4. interpretThe phrase 'Yahweh of Armies was with him' in v9: what does this imply about David's leadership?
  5. applyWhen has someone taken a risk for you, as the three mighty men did for David in v18?

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1 Chronicles 11: frequently asked questions

What is 1 Chronicles 11 about?+
All Israel gathered at Hebron to support David, declaring, 'We are your bone and your flesh' (vv. 1-2).
What is the key verse in 1 Chronicles 11?+
1 Chronicles 11:17: “David longed, and said, “Oh that one would give me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate!”
What are the main themes of 1 Chronicles 11?+
The main themes of 1 Chronicles 11 are Leadership and Anointing, Faithfulness and Loyalty, Divine Providence, Unity in Purpose.

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