ScriptureDepth's study of 1 Chronicles 11
“David longed, and said, “Oh that one would give me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate!”
1 Chronicles 11:17
David expresses his longing to his men for water from the well of Bethlehem, which marks his desire for home during his time of struggle in Jerusalem.
What 1 Chronicles 11 is about
All Israel gathered at Hebron to support David, declaring, 'We are your bone and your flesh' (vv. 1-2). They acknowledged David's leadership under Saul and recognized Yahweh's choice of him as shepherd and prince. The elders of Israel anointed David king, fulfilling Yahweh's promise via Samuel (v. 3). David then moved to Jerusalem, defeating the Jebusites and taking the stronghold of Zion (vv. 4-6). His reign prospered as Yahweh was with him (v. 9). The chapter lists David's mighty men, starting with Jashobeam, who killed three hundred enemies (vv. 10-11). Eleazar and the three men defended a barley field against the Philistines, leading to a significant victory (vv. 13-14). David expressed a longing for water from Bethlehem, and three men risked their lives to bring it to him, which he poured out as an offering (vv. 15-19). Abishai and Benaiah performed notable feats (vv. 20-25), and the chapter concludes with a list of David's warriors (vv. 26-47).
David's leadership and the loyalty of his warriors demonstrate the strength of unity and commitment to God's purpose.
1 Chronicles 11 at a glance
- 1 Chronicles 11:1–3David Anointed King at Hebron
- 1 Chronicles 11:4–9David Takes Jerusalem
- 1 Chronicles 11:10–14David's Mighty Men
- 1 Chronicles 11:15–19David's Longing for Water
- 1 Chronicles 11:20–25Valiant Deeds of Abishai and Benaiah
- 1 Chronicles 11:26–47List of David's Warriors
Key verse: 1 Chronicles 11:17
One thing to notice
In verses 1-2, all Israel comes to David at Hebron, saying, 'Behold, we are your bone and your flesh.' They recall David's leadership during Saul's reign. In verse 3, they make a covenant before Yahweh and anoint David as king over Israel.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
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David Anointed King at Hebron 1 Chronicles 11:1–3
1Verse 1. Then all Israel gathered themselves to David to Hebron, saying, “Behold, we are your bone and your flesh. 2Verse 2. In times past, even when Saul was king, it was you who led out and brought in Israel. Yahweh your God said to you, ‘You shall be shepherd of my people Israel, and you shall be prince over my people Israel.’” 3Verse 3. So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before Yahweh; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to Yahweh’s word by Samuel.
David Takes Jerusalem 1 Chronicles 11:4–9
4Verse 4. David and all Israel went to Jerusalem (also called Jebus); and the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land, were there. 5Verse 5. The inhabitants of Jebus said to David, “You will not come in here.” Nevertheless David took the stronghold of Zion. The same is David’s city. 6Verse 6. David said, “Whoever strikes the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain.” Joab the son of Zeruiah went up first, and was made chief. 7Verse 7. David lived in the stronghold; therefore they called it David’s city. 8Verse 8. He built the city all around, from Millo even around; and Joab repaired the rest of the city. 9Verse 9. David grew greater and greater; for Yahweh of Armies was with him.
David's Mighty Men 1 Chronicles 11:10–14
10Verse 10. Now these are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who showed themselves strong with him in his kingdom, together with all Israel, to make him king, according to Yahweh’s word concerning Israel. 11Verse 11. This is the number of the mighty men whom David had: Jashobeam, the son of a Hachmonite, the chief of the thirty; he lifted up his spear against three hundred and killed them at one time. 12Verse 12. After him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighty men. 13Verse 13. He was with David at Pasdammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where there was a plot of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines.
14Verse 14. They stood in the middle of the plot, defended it, and killed the Philistines; and Yahweh saved them by a great victory.
David's Longing for Water 1 Chronicles 11:15–19
15Verse 15. Three of the thirty chief men went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the army of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim. 16Verse 16. David was then in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was in Bethlehem at that time. 17Verse 17. David longed, and said, “Oh that one would give me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate!” 18Verse 18. The three broke through the army of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David; but David would not drink any of it, but poured it out to Yahweh,
19Verse 19. and said, “My God forbid me, that I should do this! Shall I drink the blood of these men who have put their lives in jeopardy?” For they risked their lives to bring it. Therefore he would not drink it. The three mighty men did these things.
Valiant Deeds of Abishai and Benaiah 1 Chronicles 11:20–25
20Verse 20. Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three; for he lifted up his spear against three hundred and killed them, and had a name among the three. 21Verse 21. Of the three, he was more honorable than the two, and was made their captain; however he wasn’t included in the three. 22Verse 22. Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done mighty deeds, killed the two sons of Ariel of Moab. He also went down and killed a lion in the middle of a pit on a snowy day. 23Verse 23. He killed an Egyptian, a man of great stature, five cubits high. In the Egyptian’s hand was a spear like a weaver’s beam; and he went down to him with a staff, plucked the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand, and killed him with his own spear.
24Verse 24. Benaiah the son of Jehoiada did these things, and had a name among the three mighty men. 25Verse 25. Behold, he was more honorable than the thirty, but he didn’t attain to the three; and David set him over his guard.
List of David's Warriors 1 Chronicles 11:26–47
26Verse 26. The mighty men of the armies also include Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem, 27Verse 27. Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite, 28Verse 28. Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Anathothite, 29Verse 29. Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite, 30Verse 30. Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite, 31Verse 31. Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite,
32Verse 32. Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite, 33Verse 33. Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite, 34Verse 34. the sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shagee the Hararite, 35Verse 35. Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur, 36Verse 36. Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite, 37Verse 37. Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai,
38Verse 38. Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Hagri, 39Verse 39. Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armor bearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah, 40Verse 40. Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, 41Verse 41. Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai, 42Verse 42. Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a chief of the Reubenites, and thirty with him, 43Verse 43. Hanan the son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
44Verse 44. Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jeiel the sons of Hotham the Aroerite, 45Verse 45. Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his brother, the Tizite, 46Verse 46. Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite, 47Verse 47. Eliel, and Obed, and Jaasiel the Mezobaite.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in 1 Chronicles 11
Leadership and Anointing
In verses 1-3, all Israel gathers to David in Hebron, stating, 'Behold, we are your bone and your flesh.' They acknowledge David's leadership during Saul's reign, where he led Israel and received God's command to be 'shepherd of my people Israel.' The elders come to David, confirming his kingship through a covenant, and David's anointing signifies formal recognition of his role as Israel’s leader.
Faithfulness and Loyalty
David’s first act as king in verses 1-3 is to establish a covenant with the elders of Israel, demonstrating a mutual commitment. In verse 18, his mighty men show their loyalty by risking their lives to fetch water from the well of Bethlehem for him. David's response in verse 19, pouring out the water as an offering to Yahweh, reveals his faithfulness to the lives and sacrifices of his men.
Divine Providence
In verse 9, the text notes that David became greater because Yahweh of Armies was with him. This statement indicates that David's success and leadership were influenced by divine favor. Additionally, verses 14 and 19 attribute the victories and actions of David's men to Yahweh’s providence, confirming that God played a role in the outcomes of their battles and efforts.
Unity in Purpose
The gathering of all Israel to David in verse 1 shows a collective acknowledgment of his leadership and unity among the tribes. The anointing in verse 3 and the agreement to make David king indicate a desire for consolidated leadership under one ruler. Furthermore, the valiant deeds of David's mighty men in verses 10-19 demonstrate their shared objectives and commitment to supporting David's reign.
Chapter outline
How 1 Chronicles 11 unfolds
1 Chronicles 11:1–3 David Anointed King at Hebron
All Israel gathers at Hebron to declare their loyalty to David, stating their kinship with him, and they acknowledge his past leadership as Yahweh's chosen shepherd for Israel (vv. 1-2). David makes a covenant with the elders and is anointed king over Israel (v. 3).
1 Chronicles 11:4–9 David Takes Jerusalem
David leads Israel to Jerusalem, encountering resistance from the Jebusites, but he captures the city, establishing it as his stronghold and renaming it David's city (vv. 4-7). His growing power is attributed to Yahweh's presence with him (v. 9).
1 Chronicles 11:10–14 David's Mighty Men
David's mighty men are named, including Jashobeam who 'lifted up his spear against three hundred and killed them at one time' (v. 11). Eleazar defended a plot of ground during a battle, leading to a 'great victory' (v. 14).
1 Chronicles 11:15–19 David's Longing for Water
Three of David's mighty men break through enemy lines to fetch water from Bethlehem, which David then pours out as an offering to Yahweh, acknowledging their bravery and sacrifice (vv. 15-19).
1 Chronicles 11:20–25 Valiant Deeds of Abishai and Benaiah
Abishai and Benaiah perform notable acts of valor, with Abishai killing three hundred men, while Benaiah defeats a lion and an Egyptian warrior, earning distinction among David's warriors (vv. 20-25).
1 Chronicles 11:26–47 List of David's Warriors
David's warriors are listed, including Asahel, Elhanan, and Uriah. Notable figures like Benaiah and Joab's armor bearer are named, recounting their inclusion among the 'mighty men of the armies' (vv. 26-47).
Key verses
1 Chronicles 11:17David expresses his longing to his men for water from the well of Bethlehem, which marks his desire for home during his time of struggle in Jerusalem.
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Study questions
Questions for studying 1 Chronicles 11
- observeIn v3, what does David do before the elders of Israel in Hebron?
- observeWhat does David say to the Jebusites in v6 before the battle?
- interpretDavid's actions in v19: why does he pour out the water instead of drinking it?
- interpretThe phrase 'Yahweh of Armies was with him' in v9: what does this imply about David's leadership?
- applyWhen has someone taken a risk for you, as the three mighty men did for David in v18?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo 1 Chronicles 11
- 2 Samuel 231 Chronicles 11:12 and 2 Samuel 23:9Both describe Eleazar's valor: 1 Chronicles 11:12 mentions him as one of the three mighty men, while 2 Samuel 23:9 details his defiance against the Philistines.
- 1 Chronicles 271 Chronicles 11:6 and 1 Chronicles 27:34Both mention Joab's leadership: 1 Chronicles 11:6 describes his rise to chief after striking the Jebusites, while 1 Chronicles 27:34 names him captain of the army.
- 2 Samuel 51 Chronicles 11:1 and 2 Samuel 5:1Both show unity among Israel: 1 Chronicles 11:1 states they gathered to David, while 2 Samuel 5:1 recounts the tribes coming to him at Hebron.
- 1 Chronicles 121 Chronicles 11:10 and 1 Chronicles 12:23Both emphasize support for David: 1 Chronicles 11:10 states his mighty men were strong with him, while 1 Chronicles 12:23 notes those armed for war joined him.
- 1 Samuel 171 Chronicles 11:13 and 1 Samuel 17:1Both recount a battle: 1 Chronicles 11:13 describes the Philistines at Pasdammim, while 1 Samuel 17:1 notes their gathering at Socoh.
- 1 Samuel 161 Chronicles 11:3 and 1 Samuel 16:1Both affirm David's anointing: 1 Chronicles 11:3 notes his covenant with Israel, while 1 Samuel 16:1 states God's choice of him as king.
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