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ScriptureDepth's study of 1 Samuel 10

It was so, that when he had turned his back to go from Samuel, God gave him another heart; and all those signs happened that day.

1 Samuel 10:9

Samuel speaks to Saul, and upon Saul's departure, God gives him 'another heart', marking the beginning of his transformation and leadership.

What 1 Samuel 10 is about

Saul is anointed as king by Samuel, who pours oil on his head and declares him prince over Yahweh's inheritance (vv. 1-2). Samuel provides Saul with signs to confirm his kingship, including encounters with two men at Rachel's tomb and three men at the oak of Tabor (vv. 3-5). The Spirit of God comes upon Saul, empowering him to prophesy with a band of prophets (vv. 6-8). As a result, God gives Saul another heart, confirming his transformation (vv. 9-10). People notice this change and question how Saul has become one of the prophets (vv. 11-12). Saul responds to his uncle’s inquiry by downplaying the matter of kingship (vv. 13-16). Samuel calls the people to Mizpah, recounting how they have rejected God and chosen a king (vv. 17-19). The tribe of Benjamin and Saul are chosen, and Samuel details the kingdom regulations before sending the people home (vv. 20-25). Some question Saul's ability to lead, but he remains silent (vv. 26-27).

Samuel declares Yahweh's choice of Saul, leaving the people with the command to accept their king.

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1 Samuel 10 at a glance

  1. 1 Samuel 10:1–2Saul's Anointing as King
  2. 1 Samuel 10:3–5Signs of Confirmation
  3. 1 Samuel 10:6–8Empowerment by the Spirit
  4. 1 Samuel 10:9–10Saul's Transformation
  5. 1 Samuel 10:11–12Public Recognition
  6. 1 Samuel 10:13–16Saul's Response to His Calling
  7. 1 Samuel 10:17–27Samuel's Public Declaration

Key verse: 1 Samuel 10:9

One thing to notice

In verses 11-12, the people say, 'Is Saul also among the prophets?' after witnessing Saul's prophetic ability. Their astonishment shows a change in how they view Saul, from a donkey searcher to a leader empowered by God.

Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.

Chapter text

Read 1 Samuel 10 (WEB)

Saul's Anointing as King 1 Samuel 10:1–2

Verse 1. Then Samuel took the vial of oil, and poured it on his head, and kissed him, and said, “Hasn’t Yahweh anointed you to be prince over his inheritance? Verse 2. When you have departed from me today, then you will find two men by Rachel’s tomb, on the border of Benjamin at Zelzah. They will tell you, ‘The donkeys which you went to look for have been found; and behold, your father has stopped caring about the donkeys, and is anxious for you, saying, “What shall I do for my son?”’

Signs of Confirmation 1 Samuel 10:3–5

Verse 3. “Then you will go on forward from there, and you will come to the oak of Tabor. Three men will meet you there going up to God to Bethel, one carrying three young goats, and another carrying three loaves of bread, and another carrying a bottle of wine. Verse 4. They will greet you, and give you two loaves of bread, which you shall receive from their hand. Verse 5. “After that you will come to the hill of God, where the garrison of the Philistines is; and it will happen, when you have come there to the city, that you will meet a band of prophets coming down from the high place with a lute, a tambourine, a pipe, and a harp before them; and they will be prophesying.

Empowerment by the Spirit 1 Samuel 10:6–8

Verse 6. Then Yahweh’s Spirit will come mightily on you, and you will prophesy with them, and will be turned into another man. Verse 7. Let it be, when these signs have come to you, that you do what is appropriate for the occasion; for God is with you. Verse 8. “Go down ahead of me to Gilgal; and behold, I will come down to you, to offer burnt offerings, and to sacrifice sacrifices of peace offerings. Wait seven days, until I come to you, and show you what you are to do.”

Saul's Transformation 1 Samuel 10:9–10

Verse 9. It was so, that when he had turned his back to go from Samuel, God gave him another heart; and all those signs happened that day. Verse 10. When they came there to the hill, behold, a band of prophets met him; and the Spirit of God came mightily on him, and he prophesied among them.

Public Recognition 1 Samuel 10:11–12

Verse 11. When all who knew him before saw that, behold, he prophesied with the prophets, then the people said to one another, “What is this that has come to the son of Kish? Is Saul also among the prophets?” Verse 12. One of the same place answered, “Who is their father?” Therefore it became a proverb, “Is Saul also among the prophets?”

Saul's Response to His Calling 1 Samuel 10:13–16

Verse 13. When he had finished prophesying, he came to the high place. Verse 14. Saul’s uncle said to him and to his servant, “Where did you go?” He said, “To seek the donkeys. When we saw that they were not found, we came to Samuel.” Verse 15. Saul’s uncle said, “Please tell me what Samuel said to you.” Verse 16. Saul said to his uncle, “He told us plainly that the donkeys were found.” But concerning the matter of the kingdom, of which Samuel spoke, he didn’t tell him.

Samuel's Public Declaration 1 Samuel 10:17–27

Verse 17. Samuel called the people together to Yahweh to Mizpah; Verse 18. and he said to the children of Israel, “Yahweh, the God of Israel, says ‘I brought Israel up out of Egypt, and I delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all the kingdoms that oppressed you.’ Verse 19. But you have today rejected your God, who himself saves you out of all your calamities and your distresses; and you have said to him, ‘No! Set a king over us.’ Now therefore present yourselves before Yahweh by your tribes, and by your thousands.” Verse 20. So Samuel brought all the tribes of Israel near, and the tribe of Benjamin was chosen.

Verse 21. He brought the tribe of Benjamin near by their families; and the family of the Matrites was chosen. Then Saul the son of Kish was chosen; but when they looked for him, he could not be found. Verse 22. Therefore they asked of Yahweh further, “Is there yet a man to come here?” Yahweh answered, “Behold, he has hidden himself among the baggage.” Verse 23. They ran and got him there. When he stood among the people, he was higher than any of the people from his shoulders and upward. Verse 24. Samuel said to all the people, “Do you see him whom Yahweh has chosen, that there is no one like him among all the people?” All the people shouted, and said, “Long live the king!”

Verse 25. Then Samuel told the people the regulations of the kingdom, and wrote it in a book, and laid it up before Yahweh. Samuel sent all the people away, every man to his house. Verse 26. Saul also went to his house to Gibeah; and the army went with him, whose hearts God had touched. Verse 27. But certain worthless fellows said, “How could this man save us?” They despised him, and brought him no present. But he held his peace.

World English Bible (public domain)

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Main themes in 1 Samuel 10

Divine Sovereignty

God's sovereignty is evident in the anointing of Saul as king, as seen in v. 1 where Samuel states, 'Yahweh anointed you to be prince over his inheritance.' This act of anointing is a direct action from God, establishing His authority over Israel's leadership. The chapter shows that although the people desire a king, it is God's choice that ultimately prevails in selecting Saul.

Leadership and Anointing

The anointing of Saul marks the establishment of kingship in Israel. In v. 1, Samuel pours oil on Saul's head, signifying his new role as a leader. Following this, signs in vv. 3-7 confirm Saul's anointing, showing that God empowers him with the Spirit. This divine selection and empowerment highlight the seriousness of his leadership role and the expectations that accompany it.

Community Identity

This chapter shows Israel's communal identity shifting from a theocracy to a monarchy. In verse 19, Samuel reminds them of their past by saying, 'But you have today rejected your God.' This acknowledgment of their collective choice for a king signals a significant transition in their identity. As they respond to God’s chosen leader, Saul, they initiate a new communal structure under monarchy.

Prophetic Mediation

Samuel acts as a prophetic mediator in the chapter, conveying God's message to Saul and the people. In v. 17, he gathers the Israelites to relay God's history with them and their current rejection of His kingship. Additionally, in v. 6, the Spirit comes upon Saul as he prophesies, demonstrating the role of prophets in connecting the divine to the new political reality of Israel.

Chapter outline

How 1 Samuel 10 unfolds

  1. 1 Samuel 10:1–2 Saul's Anointing as King

    Samuel anoints Saul with oil, declaring him as 'prince over his inheritance' (v. 1). This act designates Saul as the chosen leader of Israel.

  2. 1 Samuel 10:3–5 Signs of Confirmation

    Samuel tells Saul about three men he will meet near 'the oak of Tabor' who will give him 'two loaves of bread' (vv. 3-4). He also predicts meeting a band of prophets prophesying as Saul arrives at 'the hill of God' (v. 5).

  3. 1 Samuel 10:6–8 Empowerment by the Spirit

    The Spirit of God will come upon Saul, enabling him to 'prophesy with them' and becoming 'another man' (v. 6). Samuel instructs Saul to wait seven days for further guidance (vv. 7-8).

  4. 1 Samuel 10:9–10 Saul's Transformation

    As Saul turns from Samuel, God gives him 'another heart' (v. 9), leading him to prophesy among the prophets as 'the Spirit of God came mightily on him' (v. 10).

  5. 1 Samuel 10:11–12 Public Recognition

    Witnesses are astonished when they see Saul prophesying, questioning if he is 'also among the prophets' (v. 11). This public reaction solidifies his identity as a leader.

  6. 1 Samuel 10:13–16 Saul's Response to His Calling

    After prophesying, Saul tells his uncle he went to look for the donkeys (v. 14). When asked about Samuel's message, Saul only mentions that 'the donkeys were found' and omits details of the kingdom (vv. 15-16).

  7. 1 Samuel 10:17–27 Samuel's Public Declaration

    Samuel assembles Israel at Mizpah to publicly declare Saul as king (vv. 17-24). Despite some skepticism from certain individuals, the people accept Saul as their leader, affirming his selection.

Key verses

  • 1 Samuel 10:9Samuel speaks to Saul, and upon Saul's departure, God gives him 'another heart', marking the beginning of his transformation and leadership.

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Study questions

Questions for studying 1 Samuel 10

Uses your daily Ask questions.

  1. observeIn v1, what act does Samuel perform to signify Saul's anointing?
  2. observeWhat do the two men at Rachel's tomb tell Saul in v2?
  3. interpretSaul's hiding among the baggage in v22: what does this suggest about his character?
  4. interpretThe proverb 'Is Saul also among the prophets?' in v12: what does it imply about Saul's unexpected role?
  5. applyWhen have you felt unprepared for a responsibility like Saul's kingship in v1?

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1 Samuel 10: frequently asked questions

What is 1 Samuel 10 about?+
Saul is anointed as king by Samuel, who pours oil on his head and declares him prince over Yahweh's inheritance (vv. 1-2).
What is the key verse in 1 Samuel 10?+
1 Samuel 10:9: “It was so, that when he had turned his back to go from Samuel, God gave him another heart; and all those signs happened that day.”
What are the main themes of 1 Samuel 10?+
The main themes of 1 Samuel 10 are Divine Sovereignty, Leadership and Anointing, Community Identity, Prophetic Mediation.

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Study Notes