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2 Samuel 20

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1There happened to be there a wicked fellow, whose name was Sheba, the son of Bichri, a Benjamite; and he blew the trumpet, and said, “We have no portion in David, neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse. Every man to his tents, Israel!” 2So all the men of Israel went up from following David, and followed Sheba the son of Bichri; but the men of Judah joined with their king, from the Jordan even to Jerusalem. 3David came to his house at Jerusalem; and the king took the ten women his concubines, whom he had left to keep the house, and put them in custody, and provided them with sustenance, but didn’t go in to them. So they were shut up to the day of their death, living in widowhood. 4Then the king said to Amasa, “Call me the men of Judah together within three days, and be here present.” 5So Amasa went to call the men of Judah together; but he stayed longer than the set time which he had appointed him. 6David said to Abishai, “Now Sheba the son of Bichri will do us more harm than Absalom did. Take your lord’s servants, and pursue after him, lest he get himself fortified cities, and escape out of our sight.” 7Joab’s men went out after him, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites, and all the mighty men; and they went out of Jerusalem, to pursue Sheba the son of Bichri. 8When they were at the great stone which is in Gibeon, Amasa came to meet them. Joab was clothed in his apparel of war that he had put on, and on it was a sash with a sword fastened on his waist in its sheath; and as he went along it fell out. 9Joab said to Amasa, “Is it well with you, my brother?” Joab took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him. 10But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab’s hand. So he struck him with it in the body, and shed out his bowels to the ground, and didn’t strike him again; and he died. Joab and Abishai his brother pursued Sheba the son of Bichri. 11One of Joab’s young men stood by him, and said, “He who favors Joab, and he who is for David, let him follow Joab!” 12Amasa lay wallowing in his blood in the middle of the highway. When the man saw that all the people stood still, he carried Amasa out of the highway into the field, and cast a garment over him, when he saw that everyone who came by him stood still. 13When he was removed out of the highway, all the people went on after Joab, to pursue Sheba the son of Bichri. 14He went through all the tribes of Israel to Abel, and to Beth Maacah, and all the Berites. They were gathered together, and went also after him. 15They came and besieged him in Abel of Beth Maacah, and they cast up a mound against the city, and it stood against the rampart; and all the people who were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down. 16Then a wise woman cried out of the city, “Hear, hear! Please say to Joab, ‘Come near here, that I may speak with you.’” 17He came near to her; and the woman said, “Are you Joab?” He answered, “I am.” Then she said to him, “Hear the words of your servant.” He answered, “I’m listening.” 18Then she spoke, saying, “They used to say in old times, ‘They shall surely ask counsel at Abel;’ and so they settled a matter. 19I am among those who are peaceable and faithful in Israel. You seek to destroy a city and a mother in Israel. Why will you swallow up Yahweh’s inheritance?” 20Joab answered, “Far be it, far be it from me, that I should swallow up or destroy. 21The matter is not so. But a man of the hill country of Ephraim, Sheba the son of Bichri by name, has lifted up his hand against the king, even against David. Just deliver him, and I will depart from the city.” The woman said to Joab, “Behold, his head will be thrown to you over the wall.” 22Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom. They cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and threw it out to Joab. He blew the trumpet, and they were dispersed from the city, every man to his tent. Then Joab returned to Jerusalem to the king. 23Now Joab was over all the army of Israel, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and over the Pelethites, 24Adoram was over the men subject to forced labor, Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the recorder, 25Sheva was scribe, and Zadok and Abiathar were priests, 26and Ira the Jairite was chief minister to David.

World English Bible (public domain)

And they cast up a mound against the city, and stood against the rampart, and all the people who were with Joab were wasting the wall to bring it down.

2 Samuel 20:15

Summary

In 2 Samuel chapter 20, the narrative opens with a rebellion led by Sheba, son of Bichri, who calls for a secession from David's reign. This revolt emerges shortly after the resolution of the Absalom crisis, illustrating the fragility of David's kingship during a tumultuous period in Israel's history. David swiftly responds by ordering the execution of Amasa, who was recently made commander of the army, for his failure to prevent Sheba's uprising. David then appoints Abishai to pursue Sheba, underscoring the importance of loyalty and order within the kingdom. As the chapter unfolds, Abishai gathers the men of Judah, and they set out to capture Sheba. The pursuit leads to a city called Abel Beth-maacah, where Sheba seeks refuge. The city is depicted as wise and discerning, with its inhabitants rallying to protect their own. Eventually, a woman from Abel brokers a deal, resulting in Sheba’s head being thrown over the city wall, effectively quelling the rebellion and restoring peace. This resolution emphasizes the significance of wisdom and negotiation in leadership, contrasting with the violent confrontations seen earlier in David's reign. The chapter highlights key themes such as the challenges of leadership, the struggle for unity among the people of Israel, and the delicate balance of justice and mercy necessary in governance. Theological significance is evident as it illustrates God's sovereignty over Israel's tumultuous political landscape and His ability to restore order amidst chaos. David's reliance on wise counsel serves as a reminder for leaders to seek wisdom in difficult times.

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Chapter outline

How 2 Samuel 20 unfolds

  1. 2 Samuel 20:1–2 Sheba's Rebellion Begins

    Sheba, the son of Bichri, incites rebellion against David, claiming Israel has no share in him. This leads Israel to abandon David, highlighting divisions within the nation.

  2. 2 Samuel 20:3–6 David's Response and Amasa's Delay

    David returns to Jerusalem and orders Amasa to gather the men of Judah. Amasa's delay prompts David to fear further harm from Sheba, showcasing the urgency of loyalty in crisis.

  3. 2 Samuel 20:7–10 Joab's Ruthless Action

    Joab leads a pursuit of Sheba but kills Amasa under the pretense of brotherly affection. This action illustrates Joab's brutal approach to leadership and loyalty amidst political turmoil.

  4. 2 Samuel 20:11–13 Declaring Loyalty to Joab

    A young man rallies the troops to follow Joab, emphasizing the loyalty expected in David's army. Amasa's body is treated with respect in contrast to Joab's violent decision.

  5. 2 Samuel 20:14–22 Siege of Abel and Negotiation

    Joab's forces besiege Abel to capture Sheba. A wise woman negotiates with Joab, demonstrating the importance of diplomacy and wisdom in resolving conflict peacefully.

  6. 2 Samuel 20:23–26 David's Leadership Structure

    The chapter concludes with a summary of David's military and administrative leaders, underscoring the organization necessary for stability in his reign post-rebellion.

Key verses

  • 2 Samuel 20:15This key verse illustrates the violent approach Joab takes, revealing the complexities of leadership amidst rebellion.

Main themes in 2 Samuel 20

rebellion and loyalty

This theme appears prominently as Sheba calls for secession from David in verses 1-2, illustrating the tension between loyalty to the king and personal ambition. The swift response from David reveals the precariousness of loyalty in his reign, which is further complicated by Amasa's failure. Ultimately, the chapter shows how rebellion can quickly disrupt national unity and authority.

wisdom and negotiation

In verses 16-22, a wise woman from Abel negotiates with Joab to save her city, highlighting the importance of wisdom in conflict resolution. Her ability to broker a peace agreement contrasts sharply with the violence displayed earlier in the chapter, revealing alternative paths to leadership challenges. This theme reinforces the idea that wisdom is crucial for effective governance in difficult times.

leadership challenges

David faces multiple leadership challenges throughout this chapter, particularly with the rebellion initiated by Sheba and Amasa's failure to rally the troops. These issues illustrate the difficulty of maintaining authority and loyalty in a divided nation, as seen in verses 1-6. The resolution of the conflict through wise negotiation reinforces the notion that effective leadership often requires navigating complex political landscapes.

God's sovereignty in chaos

The chapter reflects God's sovereignty as He allows political turmoil, such as Sheba's rebellion, yet brings about resolution through a wise woman's intervention. This theme is evident as Joab's violent methods contrast with the peace established through negotiation in verses 16-22. Ultimately, the narrative underscores God's control over Israel's fate during chaotic times.

Cross-references

Passages that echo 2 Samuel 20

Study questions

Questions for studying 2 Samuel 20

  1. Who is Sheba and what does he claim about David?
  2. How does Amasa's delay impact David's strategy?
  3. What does Joab's action against Amasa reveal about his character?
  4. How does the wise woman from Abel influence Joab's actions?
  5. What does the chapter suggest about the nature of loyalty in David's reign?
  6. How does this chapter reflect the challenges of leadership in Israel?

2 Samuel 20: frequently asked questions

What is 2 Samuel 20 about?+
In 2 Samuel chapter 20, the narrative opens with a rebellion led by Sheba, son of Bichri, who calls for a secession from David's reign. This revolt emerges shortly after the resolution of the Absalom crisis, illustrating the fragility of David's kingship during a tumultuous period in Israel's history. David swiftly responds by ordering the execution of Amasa, who was recently made commander of the army, for his failure to prevent Sheba's uprising. David then appoints Abishai to pursue Sheba, underscoring the importance of loyalty and order within the kingdom. As the chapter unfolds, Abishai gathers the men of Judah, and they set out to capture Sheba. The pursuit leads to a city called Abel Beth-maacah, where Sheba seeks refuge. The city is depicted as wise and discerning, with its inhabitants rallying to protect their own. Eventually, a woman from Abel brokers a deal, resulting in Sheba’s head being thrown over the city wall, effectively quelling the rebellion and restoring peace. This resolution emphasizes the significance of wisdom and negotiation in leadership, contrasting with the violent confrontations seen earlier in David's reign. The chapter highlights key themes such as the challenges of leadership, the struggle for unity among the people of Israel, and the delicate balance of justice and mercy necessary in governance. Theological significance is evident as it illustrates God's sovereignty over Israel's tumultuous political landscape and His ability to restore order amidst chaos. David's reliance on wise counsel serves as a reminder for leaders to seek wisdom in difficult times.
What is the key verse in 2 Samuel 20?+
2 Samuel 20:15: "And they cast up a mound against the city, and stood against the rampart, and all the people who were with Joab were wasting the wall to bring it down."
What are the main themes of 2 Samuel 20?+
The main themes of 2 Samuel 20 are rebellion and loyalty, wisdom and negotiation, leadership challenges, God's sovereignty in chaos.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with 2 Samuel 20

Study Notes