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Acts 22

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1“Brothers and fathers, listen to the defense which I now make to you.” 2When they heard that he spoke to them in the Hebrew language, they were even more quiet. He said, 3“I am indeed a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this city at the feet of Gamaliel, instructed according to the strict tradition of the law of our fathers, being zealous for God, even as you all are today. 4I persecuted this Way to the death, binding and delivering into prisons both men and women. 5As also the high priest and all the council of the elders testify, from whom also I received letters to the brothers, and traveled to Damascus to bring them also who were there to Jerusalem in bonds to be punished. 6As I made my journey, and came close to Damascus, about noon, suddenly a great light shone around me from the sky. 7I fell to the ground, and heard a voice saying to me, ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?’ 8I answered, ‘Who are you, Lord?’ He said to me, ‘I am Jesus of Nazareth, whom you persecute.’ 9“Those who were with me indeed saw the light and were afraid, but they didn’t understand the voice of him who spoke to me. 10I said, ‘What shall I do, Lord?’ The Lord said to me, ‘Arise, and go into Damascus. There you will be told about all things which are appointed for you to do.’ 11When I couldn’t see for the glory of that light, being led by the hand of those who were with me, I came into Damascus. 12One Ananias, a devout man according to the law, well reported of by all the Jews who lived in Damascus, 13came to me, and standing by me said to me, ‘Brother Saul, receive your sight!’ In that very hour I looked up at him. 14He said, ‘The God of our fathers has appointed you to know his will, and to see the Righteous One, and to hear a voice from his mouth. 15For you will be a witness for him to all men of what you have seen and heard. 16Now why do you wait? Arise, be baptized, and wash away your sins, calling on the name of the Lord.’ 17“When I had returned to Jerusalem, and while I prayed in the temple, I fell into a trance, 18and saw him saying to me, ‘Hurry and get out of Jerusalem quickly, because they will not receive testimony concerning me from you.’ 19I said, ‘Lord, they themselves know that I imprisoned and beat in every synagogue those who believed in you. 20When the blood of Stephen, your witness, was shed, I also was standing by, and consenting to his death, and guarding the cloaks of those who killed him.’ 21“He said to me, ‘Depart, for I will send you out far from here to the Gentiles.’” 22They listened to him until he said that; then they lifted up their voice, and said, “Rid the earth of this fellow, for he isn’t fit to live!” 23As they cried out, and threw off their cloaks, and threw dust into the air, 24the commanding officer commanded him to be brought into the barracks, ordering him to be examined by scourging, that he might know for what crime they shouted against him like that. 25When they had tied him up with thongs, Paul asked the centurion who stood by, “Is it lawful for you to scourge a man who is a Roman, and not found guilty?” 26When the centurion heard it, he went to the commanding officer and told him, “Watch what you are about to do, for this man is a Roman!” 27The commanding officer came and asked him, “Tell me, are you a Roman?” He said, “Yes.” 28The commanding officer answered, “I bought my citizenship for a great price.” Paul said, “But I was born a Roman.” 29Immediately those who were about to examine him departed from him, and the commanding officer also was afraid when he realized that he was a Roman, because he had bound him. 30But on the next day, desiring to know the truth about why he was accused by the Jews, he freed him from the bonds, and commanded the chief priests and all the council to come together, and brought Paul down and set him before them.

World English Bible (public domain)

"And he said to me, 'Go, for I will send you far away to the Gentiles.'"

Acts 22:21

Summary

In Acts 22, the Apostle Paul addresses a hostile Jerusalem crowd by recounting his background and conversion experience. Speaking in Aramaic to connect with his audience, Paul identifies himself as a Jew born in Tarsus and educated under Gamaliel, a respected teacher. He explains his former zeal in persecuting Christians, emphasizing his collaboration with religious authorities in arresting believers. Paul then describes his dramatic encounter with Jesus on the road to Damascus, where he is struck blind by a heavenly light and hears Jesus speak to him, calling him to a new mission. Following his conversion, Paul meets Ananias, a devout law-abiding Jew who restores his sight and baptizes him. Paul shares his vision in the temple where Jesus instructs him to leave Jerusalem due to the disbelief he will face, commissioning him to be the apostle to the Gentiles. This point stirs anger among the Jewish crowd, and they call for his execution. Responding to threats of flogging, Paul reveals his Roman citizenship, surprising the Roman commander and causing the proceedings to be halted for further investigation. Key themes in this chapter include the power of personal testimony, the transformative effect of encountering Christ, and the tension between Jewish tradition and the emerging Christian mission to the Gentiles. The chapter highlights divine guidance and protection for Paul as he fulfills his mission, while underscoring issues of identity and belonging among early Christians.

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Chapter outline

How Acts 22 unfolds

  1. Acts 22:1–5 Paul's Defense Begins

    Paul addresses the crowd as brothers and fathers, sharing his Jewish heritage and past zeal in persecuting Christians.

  2. Acts 22:6–11 Encounter on the Road

    Paul recounts his dramatic encounter with Jesus on the road to Damascus, where he is blinded by a light and called to ministry.

  3. Acts 22:12–16 Meeting Ananias

    Ananias, a faithful Jew, restores Paul’s sight and baptizes him, instructing him to witness to others.

  4. Acts 22:17–21 Vision in the Temple

    While praying in the temple, Paul receives a vision from Jesus telling him to leave Jerusalem for Gentile ministry.

  5. Acts 22:22–24 Crowd's Reaction

    The crowd reacts violently to Paul's mention of the Gentiles, demanding his execution and causing unrest.

  6. Acts 22:25–29 Roman Citizenship Revealed

    As Paul is about to be scourged, he reveals his Roman citizenship, which causes concern for the commander.

  7. Acts 22:30 Paul Brought Before the Council

    The next day, the commander brings Paul before the chief priests and council to investigate the accusations against him.

Key verses

  • Acts 22:21Acts 22:21 serves as a pivotal moment, highlighting Paul's commission to reach the Gentiles, framing his ministry's direction.

Main themes in Acts 22

Personal testimony

Paul's personal testimony is central in this chapter, especially in verses 3-21. He recounts his journey from a persecutor of Christians to an apostle, which allows him to establish a connection with his audience, particularly the Jewish crowd. This narrative emphasizes the significance of individual experiences in effectively communicating faith and truth, illustrating how personal stories can resonate with others and invite them to consider new perspectives.

Transformation

The theme of transformation emerges in Paul's conversion narrative, particularly in verses 6-16. His dramatic shift from a fierce opponent of Christ to a devoted messenger showcases the profound change that faith can inspire in a person's life. This transformation not only marks a pivotal moment for Paul himself but also sets the stage for the church's broader mission to reach out to the Gentiles, highlighting the impact of individual change on collective purpose.

Divine calling

Paul's divine calling is emphasized in verses 15-21, where Jesus commissions him to be a witness to all people. This calling fundamentally shapes Paul's identity as an apostle and signifies a crucial shift in the early church's mission toward inclusivity. The chapter illustrates how divine guidance plays a vital role in directing the church's expansion beyond traditional Jewish boundaries, encouraging a broader understanding of faith that transcends cultural limitations.

Jewish-Christian relations

Jewish-Christian relations are strained in this chapter, particularly in verses 21-22. Paul's mission to the Gentiles elicits a hostile response from the Jewish crowd, reflecting the tensions present in the early church. This conflict underscores the challenges of reconciling longstanding Jewish beliefs with the emerging Christian faith, illustrating the difficulties faced by early believers as they navigated identity and community in a changing religious landscape.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Acts 22

Study questions

Questions for studying Acts 22

  1. What background does Paul share about his education and upbringing?
  2. How does Paul's encounter with Jesus change his life direction?
  3. What role does Ananias play in Paul's conversion process?
  4. Why does the crowd react violently to Paul's mention of Gentiles?
  5. How does Paul's Roman citizenship impact the proceedings against him?
  6. What does this chapter reveal about Jewish-Christian relations in the early church?
  7. In what ways does Paul's personal testimony serve his defense before the crowd?

Acts 22: frequently asked questions

What is Acts 22 about?+
In Acts 22, the Apostle Paul addresses a hostile Jerusalem crowd by recounting his background and conversion experience. Speaking in Aramaic to connect with his audience, Paul identifies himself as a Jew born in Tarsus and educated under Gamaliel, a respected teacher. He explains his former zeal in persecuting Christians, emphasizing his collaboration with religious authorities in arresting believers. Paul then describes his dramatic encounter with Jesus on the road to Damascus, where he is struck blind by a heavenly light and hears Jesus speak to him, calling him to a new mission. Following his conversion, Paul meets Ananias, a devout law-abiding Jew who restores his sight and baptizes him. Paul shares his vision in the temple where Jesus instructs him to leave Jerusalem due to the disbelief he will face, commissioning him to be the apostle to the Gentiles. This point stirs anger among the Jewish crowd, and they call for his execution. Responding to threats of flogging, Paul reveals his Roman citizenship, surprising the Roman commander and causing the proceedings to be halted for further investigation. Key themes in this chapter include the power of personal testimony, the transformative effect of encountering Christ, and the tension between Jewish tradition and the emerging Christian mission to the Gentiles. The chapter highlights divine guidance and protection for Paul as he fulfills his mission, while underscoring issues of identity and belonging among early Christians.
What is the key verse in Acts 22?+
Acts 22:21: "“He said to me, ‘Depart, for I will send you out far from here to the Gentiles.’”"
What are the main themes of Acts 22?+
The main themes of Acts 22 are Personal testimony, Transformation, Divine calling, Jewish-Christian relations.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Acts 22

Study Notes