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ScriptureDepth's study of Ezekiel 29

Speak and say, ‘Thus says the Lord Yahweh: “Behold, I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt, the great monster that lies in the middle of his rivers, that has said, ‘My river is my own, and I have made it for myself.’

Ezekiel 29:3

Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel, declaring judgment against Pharaoh king of Egypt for his arrogance, stating that he will bring desolation upon Egypt, which impacts the entire land.

What Ezekiel 29 is about

Yahweh's word comes to Ezekiel, instructing him to prophesy against Pharaoh, king of Egypt (vv. 1-2). The Lord declares that he is against Pharaoh, describing him as a great monster that boasts about his river (vv. 3-5). Yahweh accuses Egypt of being a broken staff to Israel, causing them harm (vv. 6-7). As a result, a sword will come against Egypt, leading to desolation and a lack of inhabitants for forty years (vv. 8-12). After this period, Yahweh promises to gather the Egyptians from the nations where they have been scattered. They will return to their land, but it will be a lowly kingdom (vv. 13-15). Finally, Yahweh informs Ezekiel that Nebuchadnezzar will receive Egypt as payment for his service. This will allow the house of Israel to proclaim their identity once again (vv. 16-21).

The promise states that Israel will know Yahweh as he causes a horn to sprout for them.

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Ezekiel 29 at a glance

  1. Ezekiel 29:1–2Introduction of the Prophecy
  2. Ezekiel 29:3–5Divine Accusation
  3. Ezekiel 29:6–7Egypt's Role and Deception
  4. Ezekiel 29:8–12Judgment and Desolation
  5. Ezekiel 29:13–15Promise of Restoration
  6. Ezekiel 29:16–21The Horn for Israel

Key verse: Ezekiel 29:3

Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.

Chapter text

Read Ezekiel 29 (WEB)

Introduction of the Prophecy Ezekiel 29:1–2

Verse 1. In the tenth year, in the tenth month, on the twelfth day of the month, Yahweh’s word came to me, saying, Verse 2. “Son of man, set your face against Pharaoh king of Egypt, and prophesy against him and against all Egypt.

Divine Accusation Ezekiel 29:3–5

Verse 3. Speak and say, ‘Thus says the Lord Yahweh:“Behold, I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt,the great monster that lies in the middle of his rivers,that has said, ‘My river is my own,and I have made it for myself.’Verse 4. I will put hooks in your jaws,and I will make the fish of your rivers stick to your scales.I will bring you up out of the middle of your rivers,with all the fish of your rivers which stick to your scales.Verse 5. I’ll cast you out into the wilderness,you and all the fish of your rivers.You’ll fall on the open field.You won’t be brought together or gathered.I have given you for food to the animals of the earthand to the birds of the sky.

Egypt's Role and Deception Ezekiel 29:6–7

Verse 6. “‘“All the inhabitants of Egypt will know that I am Yahweh, because they have been a staff of reed to the house of Israel. Verse 7. When they took hold of you by your hand, you broke, and tore all their shoulders. When they leaned on you, you broke, and paralyzed all of their thighs.”

Judgment and Desolation Ezekiel 29:8–12

Verse 8. “‘Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh: “Behold, I will bring a sword on you, and will cut off man and animal from you. Verse 9. The land of Egypt will be a desolation and a waste. Then they will know that I am Yahweh. “‘“Because he has said, ‘The river is mine, and I have made it;’ Verse 10. therefore, behold, I am against you, and against your rivers. I will make the land of Egypt an utter waste and desolation, from the tower of Seveneh even to the border of Ethiopia. Verse 11. No foot of man will pass through it, nor will any animal foot pass through it. It won’t be inhabited for forty years.

Verse 12. I will make the land of Egypt a desolation in the middle of the countries that are desolate. Her cities among the cities that are laid waste will be a desolation forty years. I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and will disperse them through the countries.”

Promise of Restoration Ezekiel 29:13–15

Verse 13. “‘For thus says the Lord Yahweh: “At the end of forty years will I gather the Egyptians from the peoples where they were scattered. Verse 14. I will reverse the captivity of Egypt, and will cause them to return into the land of Pathros, into the land of their birth. They will be a lowly kingdom, there. Verse 15. It will be the lowest of the kingdoms. It won’t lift itself up above the nations any more. I will diminish them, so that they will no longer rule over the nations.

The Horn for Israel Ezekiel 29:16–21

Verse 16. It will no longer be the confidence of the house of Israel, bringing iniquity to memory, when they turn to look after them. Then they will know that I am the Lord Yahweh.”’” Verse 17. It came to pass in the twenty-seventh year, in the first month, in the first day of the month, Yahweh’s word came to me, saying, Verse 18. “Son of man, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon caused his army to serve a great service against Tyre. Every head was made bald, and every shoulder was worn; yet he had no wages, nor did his army, from Tyre, for the service that he had served against it.

Verse 19. Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh: ‘Behold, I will give the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. He will carry off her multitude, take her plunder, and take her prey. That will be the wages for his army. Verse 20. I have given him the land of Egypt as his payment for which he served, because they worked for me,’ says the Lord Yahweh. Verse 21. “In that day I will cause a horn to sprout for the house of Israel, and I will open your mouth among them. Then they will know that I am Yahweh.”

World English Bible (public domain)

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Main themes in Ezekiel 29

Divine Judgment

In this chapter, divine judgment is pronounced against Pharaoh and Egypt. In v. 4, Yahweh declares, 'I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt,' and proceeds to describe the judgment that will fall upon Egypt, leading to desolation and waste (vv. 9-10). This judgment serves as a consequence for Egypt's pride and failure to recognize Yahweh's sovereignty, indicating that their time of reckoning has come.

Pride and Humility

Pride is a central theme as Egypt is depicted as a 'great monster' in v. 3, claiming ownership of the river. This pride leads to their downfall, as they are compared to a staff of reed that breaks under pressure (v. 7). The text lays bare the futility of their arrogance, culminating in their judgment and humiliation before Yahweh.

Sovereignty of God

Yahweh's sovereignty is affirmed throughout the chapter, particularly in verses 19-20, where He declares His control over nations and their destinies. The prophecy indicates that Nebuchadnezzar will receive Egypt as a reward for his military efforts, illustrating how God employs foreign rulers to accomplish His purposes. This demonstrates that all authorities operate under Yahweh's dominion and that His plans will be fulfilled in history.

Restoration and Hope

The chapter concludes with a promise of restoration for Egypt after a period of desolation (vv. 13-14). Yahweh states He will 'reverse the captivity of Egypt,' allowing them to return to their homeland. This restoration emphasizes hope for the future, showing that even in judgment, God maintains the ability to restore and bring back those who have been scattered.

Chapter outline

How Ezekiel 29 unfolds

  1. Ezekiel 29:1–2 Introduction of the Prophecy

    Yahweh's word comes to Ezekiel, commanding him to prophesy against Pharaoh king of Egypt and all of Egypt, stating clearly the target of the prophecy (vv. 1-2).

  2. Ezekiel 29:3–5 Divine Accusation

    Ezekiel speaks God's accusation, identifying Pharaoh as a 'great monster' claiming the Nile as his own. God declares judgment involving hooks that will bring Pharaoh and the fish to the wilderness (vv. 3-5).

  3. Ezekiel 29:6–7 Egypt's Role and Deception

    God describes Egypt's failure as a support for Israel, likening them to a broken reed that causes harm (vv. 6-7). This reveals the deceptive nature of Egypt's relationship with Israel.

  4. Ezekiel 29:8–12 Judgment and Desolation

    A sword is prophesied against Egypt, leading to desolation and a deserted land for forty years (vv. 8-12). This period of judgment emphasizes Egypt's fate and isolation.

  5. Ezekiel 29:13–15 Promise of Restoration

    God declares that after forty years, He will gather the Egyptians from their scattered locations and bring them back to their homeland, though they will be a lowly kingdom (vv. 13-15).

  6. Ezekiel 29:16–21 The Horn for Israel

    Yahweh informs Ezekiel that Nebuchadnezzar will conquer Egypt as payment for his army's service and promises that a horn will sprout for the house of Israel (vv. 16-21).

Key verses

  • Ezekiel 29:3Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel, declaring judgment against Pharaoh king of Egypt for his arrogance, stating that he will bring desolation upon Egypt, which impacts the entire land.

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Study questions

Questions for studying Ezekiel 29

Uses your daily Ask questions.

  1. observeIn v3, what does Pharaoh claim about the river in Egypt?
  2. observeWhat does God say will happen to Pharaoh in v4?
  3. interpretIn v10-11, why is God declaring that no foot will pass through Egypt?
  4. interpretIn v15, what does it mean for Egypt to be the 'lowest of the kingdoms'?
  5. applyWhen have you relied on something or someone that ultimately let you down?

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Ezekiel 29: frequently asked questions

What is Ezekiel 29 about?+
Yahweh's word comes to Ezekiel, instructing him to prophesy against Pharaoh, king of Egypt (vv. 1-2).
What is the key verse in Ezekiel 29?+
Ezekiel 29:3: “Speak and say, ‘Thus says the Lord Yahweh: “Behold, I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt, the great monster that lies in the middle of his rivers, that has said, ‘My river is my own, and I have made it for myself.’
What are the main themes of Ezekiel 29?+
The main themes of Ezekiel 29 are Divine Judgment, Pride and Humility, Sovereignty of God, Restoration and Hope.

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Study Notes