ScriptureDepth's study of John 12
“And I, if I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.”
John 12:32
Jesus tells the crowd that when he is 'lifted up' he will draw all people to himself, directly linking his impending death to the call for belief.
What John 12 is about
Six days before Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, who he had raised from the dead (vv. 1-2). At a supper, Mary anointed Jesus’ feet with a costly ointment, and Judas Iscariot questioned the act, citing a concern for the poor (vv. 3-6). Jesus defended Mary, stating she prepared him for burial (vv. 7-8). A crowd came to see Lazarus, which prompted the chief priests to conspire to kill him (vv. 9-11). The next day, a large multitude welcomed Jesus to Jerusalem, waving palm branches and shouting, ‘Hosanna!’ (vv. 12-13). Jesus rode a young donkey, fulfilling prophecy, though his disciples did not fully understand at the time (vv. 14-16). Some Greeks sought Jesus, leading him to declare that the time for his glorification had come (vv. 20-23). He spoke of dying like a grain of wheat to bear fruit (vv. 24-26).
Jesus declares, ‘Walk while you have the light, that darkness doesn’t overtake you’ (v. 35).
John 12 at a glance
- John 12:1–8Anointing at Bethany
- John 12:9–19Lazarus and the Crowd
- John 12:20–26Triumphal Entry
- John 12:27–36Jesus Foretells His Death
- John 12:37–50Belief and Rejection
Key verse: John 12:32
One thing to notice
The chapter uses contrasting responses to Jesus, particularly in vv. 37-43. While many signs are performed, 'they didn’t believe in him' (v. 37) reveals the general disbelief. Conversely, in v. 42, some rulers did believe, but they did not confess their faith. The chapter captures these divergent reactions to Jesus' ministry.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read John 12 (WEB)
Anointing at Bethany John 12:1–8
1Verse 1. Then six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, who had been dead, whom he raised from the dead. 2Verse 2. So they made him a supper there. Martha served, but Lazarus was one of those who sat at the table with him. 3Verse 3. Mary, therefore, took a pound of ointment of pure nard, very precious, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair. The house was filled with the fragrance of the ointment. 4Verse 4. Then Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, one of his disciples, who would betray him, said, 5Verse 5. “Why wasn’t this ointment sold for three hundred denarii, and given to the poor?”
6Verse 6. Now he said this, not because he cared for the poor, but because he was a thief, and having the money box, used to steal what was put into it. 7Verse 7. But Jesus said, “Leave her alone. She has kept this for the day of my burial. 8Verse 8. For you always have the poor with you, but you don’t always have me.”
Lazarus and the Crowd John 12:9–19
9Verse 9. A large crowd therefore of the Jews learned that he was there, and they came, not for Jesus’ sake only, but that they might see Lazarus also, whom he had raised from the dead. 10Verse 10. But the chief priests conspired to put Lazarus to death also, 11Verse 11. because on account of him many of the Jews went away and believed in Jesus. 12Verse 12. On the next day a great multitude had come to the feast. When they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, 13Verse 13. they took the branches of the palm trees, and went out to meet him, and cried out, “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, the King of Israel!”
14Verse 14. Jesus, having found a young donkey, sat on it. As it is written, 15Verse 15. “Don’t be afraid, daughter of Zion. Behold, your King comes, sitting on a donkey’s colt.” 16Verse 16. His disciples didn’t understand these things at first, but when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that these things were written about him, and that they had done these things to him. 17Verse 17. The multitude therefore that was with him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb, and raised him from the dead, was testifying about it. 18Verse 18. For this cause also the multitude went and met him, because they heard that he had done this sign.
19Verse 19. The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, “See how you accomplish nothing. Behold, the world has gone after him.”
Triumphal Entry John 12:20–26
20Verse 20. Now there were certain Greeks among those that went up to worship at the feast. 21Verse 21. These, therefore, came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, “Sir, we want to see Jesus.” 22Verse 22. Philip came and told Andrew, and in turn, Andrew came with Philip, and they told Jesus. 23Verse 23. Jesus answered them, “The time has come for the Son of Man to be glorified. 24Verse 24. Most certainly I tell you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains by itself alone. But if it dies, it bears much fruit. 25Verse 25. He who loves his life will lose it. He who hates his life in this world will keep it to eternal life.
26Verse 26. If anyone serves me, let him follow me. Where I am, there will my servant also be. If anyone serves me, the Father will honor him.
Jesus Foretells His Death John 12:27–36
27Verse 27. “Now my soul is troubled. What shall I say? ‘Father, save me from this time?’ But for this cause I came to this time. 28Verse 28. Father, glorify your name!” Then there came a voice out of the sky, saying, “I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again.” 29Verse 29. The multitude therefore, who stood by and heard it, said that it had thundered. Others said, “An angel has spoken to him.” 30Verse 30. Jesus answered, “This voice hasn’t come for my sake, but for your sakes. 31Verse 31. Now is the judgment of this world. Now the prince of this world will be cast out.
32Verse 32. And I, if I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.” 33Verse 33. But he said this, signifying by what kind of death he should die. 34Verse 34. The multitude answered him, “We have heard out of the law that the Christ remains forever. How do you say, ‘The Son of Man must be lifted up?’ Who is this Son of Man?” 35Verse 35. Jesus therefore said to them, “Yet a little while the light is with you. Walk while you have the light, that darkness doesn’t overtake you. He who walks in the darkness doesn’t know where he is going.
36Verse 36. While you have the light, believe in the light, that you may become children of light.” Jesus said these things, and he departed and hid himself from them.
Belief and Rejection John 12:37–50
37Verse 37. But though he had done so many signs before them, yet they didn’t believe in him, 38Verse 38. that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spoke, “Lord, who has believed our report? To whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?” 39Verse 39. For this cause they couldn’t believe, for Isaiah said again, 40Verse 40. “He has blinded their eyes and he hardened their heart, lest they should see with their eyes, and perceive with their heart, and would turn, and I would heal them.” 41Verse 41. Isaiah said these things when he saw his glory, and spoke of him. 42Verse 42. Nevertheless even of the rulers many believed in him, but because of the Pharisees they didn’t confess it, so that they wouldn’t be put out of the synagogue,
43Verse 43. for they loved men’s praise more than God’s praise. 44Verse 44. Jesus cried out and said, “Whoever believes in me, believes not in me, but in him who sent me. 45Verse 45. He who sees me sees him who sent me. 46Verse 46. I have come as a light into the world, that whoever believes in me may not remain in the darkness. 47Verse 47. If anyone listens to my sayings, and doesn’t believe, I don’t judge him. For I came not to judge the world, but to save the world. 48Verse 48. He who rejects me, and doesn’t receive my sayings, has one who judges him. The word that I spoke, the same will judge him in the last day.
49Verse 49. For I spoke not from myself, but the Father who sent me, he gave me a commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak. 50Verse 50. I know that his commandment is eternal life. The things therefore which I speak, even as the Father has said to me, so I speak.”
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in John 12
Devotion and Sacrifice
In vv. 1-8, Mary anoints Jesus' feet with 'pure nard', a costly ointment, showing her deep devotion. Judas questions this act, stating it should have been sold for 'three hundred denarii'. Jesus defends Mary, saying she has kept it 'for the day of my burial', indicating the significance of sacrificial love and devotion amidst practical concerns.
Faith and Unbelief
In vv. 37-43, despite witnessing many signs, many do not believe in Jesus. The text cites Isaiah’s prophecy about those whose eyes are 'blinded' and hearts 'hardened'. Some rulers believe but fear expulsion from the synagogue, valuing 'men’s praise' over God's. This dynamic highlights the tension between faith and societal pressures.
Identity of Christ
In vv. 12-15, the crowd calls Jesus 'King of Israel' as he enters Jerusalem on a young donkey, fulfilling the prophecy about the coming king. Jesus' statement in v. 23 about the Son of Man being 'glorified' further reveals his identity tied to suffering and glory. These elements together affirm his messianic identity in the context of impending sacrifice.
The Nature of His Kingdom
In v. 24, Jesus speaks of the kingdom's nature through the analogy of a grain of wheat that must die to bear fruit. He also emphasizes that 'if anyone serves me, let him follow me', indicating that his kingdom is one of servanthood and sacrifice. This structure contrasts with worldly notions of power and establishes the kingdom's values.
Chapter outline
How John 12 unfolds
John 12:1–8 Anointing at Bethany
Mary anoints Jesus' feet with pure nard while Judas questions the act, stating that the ointment could have been sold for the poor (vv. 3-5). Jesus defends Mary, saying she has prepared for his burial (v. 7).
John 12:9–19 Lazarus and the Crowd
The crowd comes to see both Jesus and Lazarus after Jesus raised him from the dead, which leads the chief priests to conspire against Lazarus due to the resulting belief in Jesus (vv. 9-11).
John 12:20–26 Triumphal Entry
Greeks approaching Philip and Andrew express their desire to 'see Jesus' (v. 21), prompting Jesus to declare that 'the time has come for the Son of Man to be glorified' (v. 23) and to explain the necessity of his death for fruitful life (v. 24).
John 12:27–36 Jesus Foretells His Death
Jesus acknowledges the trouble in his soul and desires the Father to glorify his name (vv. 27-28). He speaks of the world's judgment and the casting out of 'the prince of this world' (v. 31).
John 12:37–50 Belief and Rejection
Despite witnessing Jesus’ signs, many do not believe him, fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy about hardened hearts (vv. 37-40). Jesus claims that believing in him is believing in the One who sent him (vv. 44-45).
Key verses
John 12:32Jesus tells the crowd that when he is 'lifted up' he will draw all people to himself, directly linking his impending death to the call for belief.
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Study questions
Questions for studying John 12
- observeIn v3, what does Mary use to anoint Jesus' feet?
- observeWhat do the crowds shout as Jesus enters Jerusalem in v13?
- interpretJudas' objection in v5: what is the tension between his words and his true motives?
- interpretJesus mentions 'the light' in v35: what does this say about the urgency of belief?
- applyWhen has an act of devotion been questioned in your life, as in Mary's anointing?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo John 12
- John 8John 12:46 and John 8:12Both declare light: John 12:46 I have come as a light into the world, while John 8:12 I am the light of the world.
- John 14John 12:45 and John 14:9Both affirm seeing: John 12:45 He who sees me sees him who sent me, while John 14:9 He who has seen me has seen the Father.
- John 1John 12:46 and John 1:4Both present light: John 12:46 I have come as a light into the world, while John 1:4 the life was the light of men.
- John 3John 12:47 and John 3:17Both clarify purpose: John 12:47 I came not to judge the world, while John 3:17 God didn’t send his Son to judge the world.
- John 10John 12:47 and John 10:10Both focus on life: John 12:47 I came not to judge the world, while John 10:10 I came that they may have life.
- Mark 8John 12:40 and Mark 8:18Both address blindness: John 12:40 He has blinded their eyes, while Mark 8:18 Having eyes, don’t you see?
Related chapters
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Where to go from here
- John: the whole bookJohn states his purpose outright: "these are written, that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son…
- 30-Day Gospel Journey, day 27Day 27 of 30: The Resurrection and the Life.
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