Numbers 5
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1Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 2“Command the children of Israel that they put out of the camp every leper, and everyone who has an issue, and whoever is unclean by the dead. 3Both you shall put male and female outside of the camp; that they not defile their camp, in the midst of which I dwell.” 4The children of Israel did so, and put them outside of the camp; as Yahweh spoke to Moses, so did the children of Israel. 5Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 6“Speak to the children of Israel: ‘When a man or woman commits any sin that men commit, so as to trespass against Yahweh, and that soul is guilty; 7then he shall confess his sin which he has done, and he shall make restitution for his guilt in full, and add to it the fifth part of it, and give it to him in respect of whom he has been guilty. 8But if the man has no kinsman to whom restitution may be made for the guilt, the restitution for guilt which is made to Yahweh shall be the priest’s; besides the ram of the atonement, by which atonement shall be made for him. 9Every heave offering of all the holy things of the children of Israel, which they present to the priest, shall be his. 10Every man’s holy things shall be his: whatever any man gives the priest, it shall be his.’” 11Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 12“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them: ‘If any man’s wife goes astray, and is unfaithful to him, 13and a man lies with her carnally, and it is hidden from the eyes of her husband, and this is kept concealed, and she is defiled, and there is no witness against her, and she isn’t taken in the act; 14and the spirit of jealousy comes on him, and he is jealous of his wife, and she is defiled: or if the spirit of jealousy comes on him, and he is jealous of his wife, and she isn’t defiled: 15then the man shall bring his wife to the priest, and shall bring her offering for her: one tenth of an ephah of barley meal. He shall pour no oil on it, nor put frankincense on it, for it is a meal offering of jealousy, a meal offering of memorial, bringing iniquity to memory. 16The priest shall bring her near, and set her before Yahweh; 17and the priest shall take holy water in an earthen vessel; and of the dust that is on the floor of the tabernacle the priest shall take, and put it into the water. 18The priest shall set the woman before Yahweh, and let the hair of the woman’s head go loose, and put the meal offering of memorial in her hands, which is the meal offering of jealousy. The priest shall have in his hand the water of bitterness that brings a curse. 19The priest shall cause her to swear, and shall tell the woman, “If no man has lain with you, and if you haven’t gone aside to uncleanness, being under your husband, be free from this water of bitterness that brings a curse. 20But if you have gone astray, being under your husband, and if you are defiled, and some man has lain with you besides your husband:” 21then the priest shall cause the woman to swear with the oath of cursing, and the priest shall tell the woman, “Yahweh make you a curse and an oath among your people, when Yahweh allows your thigh to fall away, and your body to swell; 22and this water that brings a curse will go into your bowels, and make your body swell, and your thigh fall away.” The woman shall say, “Amen, Amen.” 23“‘The priest shall write these curses in a book, and he shall blot them out into the water of bitterness. 24He shall make the woman drink the water of bitterness that causes the curse; and the water that causes the curse shall enter into her and become bitter. 25The priest shall take the meal offering of jealousy out of the woman’s hand, and shall wave the meal offering before Yahweh, and bring it to the altar. 26The priest shall take a handful of the meal offering, as its memorial, and burn it on the altar, and afterward shall make the woman drink the water. 27When he has made her drink the water, then it shall happen, if she is defiled, and has committed a trespass against her husband, that the water that causes the curse will enter into her and become bitter, and her body will swell, and her thigh will fall away: and the woman will be a curse among her people. 28If the woman isn’t defiled, but is clean; then she shall be free, and shall conceive offspring. 29“‘This is the law of jealousy, when a wife, being under her husband, goes astray, and is defiled; 30or when the spirit of jealousy comes on a man, and he is jealous of his wife; then he shall set the woman before Yahweh, and the priest shall execute on her all this law. 31The man shall be free from iniquity, and that woman shall bear her iniquity.’”
World English Bible (public domain)
“But if the woman has not sinned, but is clean, then she shall be free and shall conceive children.”
Numbers 5:28
Summary
Numbers chapter 5 addresses issues of purity and community holiness within the Israelite camp. The chapter begins with a command to remove those who are unclean due to leprosy or bodily discharge to ensure the community remains pure and can maintain proper worship. This highlights the importance of physical and ritual cleanliness as a reflection of spiritual condition. The subsequent section details the process for a woman suspected of unfaithfulness, known as the 'ordeal of bitter water,' where she is brought before the priest and required to drink a mixture to determine her fidelity. This ritual emphasizes God's justice, mercy, and the seriousness of marital vows, while also showing faith in divine judgment and protection of the innocent. A key theme in this chapter is the emphasis on communal purity and accountability, reflecting God's desire for a holy people. The framework for dealing with unfaithfulness and maintaining order within the community serves as a precursor to larger themes of redemption and restoration found throughout Scripture. The practice reinforces the significance of familial and community relationships, calling the people of Israel to uphold each other in faithfulness and moral conduct, which remains relevant today for fostering integrity and accountability in our communities. Thus, Numbers 5 illustrates God’s desire for faithfulness, both in relationships and in the community of believers, pointing to the greater narrative of fidelity found in Christ.
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Chapter outline
How Numbers 5 unfolds
Numbers 5:1–4 Cleansing the Camp
Yahweh commands Moses to remove those who are unclean due to leprosy or bodily discharge from the camp to maintain purity.
Numbers 5:5–10 Restitution for Sin
The chapter outlines the process for individuals who commit sins against others, emphasizing confession and restitution for guilt.
Numbers 5:11–31 The Ordeal of Bitter Water
The ritual for a suspected unfaithful wife involves the priest and a curse-inducing drink to determine her fidelity.
Key verses
Numbers 5:28Numbers 5:28 illustrates the chapter's weight by showing the potential for restoration and innocence when fidelity is upheld.
Main themes in Numbers 5
purity
The theme of purity is evident in the command to remove the unclean from the camp in verses 1-4. This removal underscores the significance of physical and ritual cleanliness in maintaining spiritual integrity within the community. It shows God's desire for a holy people, setting the stage for communal worship.
community accountability
Community accountability surfaces in verses 5-10, as individuals are instructed to confess their sins and make restitution for wrongs committed. This requirement underscores the idea that each person bears responsibility not only for their own actions but also for the moral health of the community as a whole. Therefore, the chapter illustrates the significance of mutual support in fostering a faithful and morally upright community, promoting a shared commitment to integrity.
faithfulness in relationships
The issue of faithfulness in relationships is central to the ritual for suspected unfaithfulness in verses 11-31. The ordeal reflects the serious consequences of infidelity and the need for fidelity in marriage. Within the broader narrative, it calls readers to uphold commitments in their relationships, mirroring God’s covenant with His people.
divine justice
Divine justice is illustrated in the ordeal of bitter water, where the priest administers a test rooted in God’s laws in verses 19-26. The ritual serves as a means of revealing truth, whether the woman is guilty or innocent. This process reflects God's ultimate authority in judging human actions and maintaining order.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Numbers 5
- Leviticus 5Leviticus 5 connects through the requirement of restitution for sins, establishing a framework for accountability.
- Leviticus 6This passage echoes the principles of restitution and guilt offerings, reinforcing communal responsibility.
- Leviticus 15Leviticus 15 develops the theme of physical purity and its importance for communal worship.
- Luke 19Luke 19 connects by demonstrating the importance of restitution and accountability in personal relationships.
- Numbers 19Numbers 19 echoes the necessity of purification rituals for maintaining community holiness.
- Leviticus 26Leviticus 26 develops themes of covenant faithfulness and the consequences of disobedience, relevant to community behavior.
Study questions
Questions for studying Numbers 5
- What commands does Yahweh give regarding the unclean in verses 1-4?
- How must a person make restitution according to verses 6-10?
- What is the role of the priest in the ordeal described in verses 16-27?
- How does the ritual determine a woman's fidelity in verses 19-24?
- What is the significance of the woman's response in verse 28?
- How does this chapter reflect God's desire for community purity?
- What implications does the law of jealousy have for marital relationships?
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