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ScriptureDepth's study of Romans 3

for all have sinned, and fall short of the glory of God;

Romans 3:23

Paul writes to the Roman believers, declaring that everyone, including Jews and Gentiles, has sinned and falls short of God's glory.

What Romans 3 is about

The Jewish people have an advantage because they were entrusted with God's revelations (vv. 1-2). Despite some lacking faith, God's faithfulness remains unchanged (vv. 3-4). Paul questions whether God is unrighteous by inflicting wrath, emphasizing that God will judge the world (vv. 5-6). He asserts that all, both Jews and Greeks, are under sin, citing that 'there is no one righteous' (vv. 9-10). The law speaks to those under it so that all may stand judged (vv. 19-20). A righteousness from God is revealed through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe, since all have sinned (vv. 21-23). Justification comes freely by grace and through the atoning sacrifice of Christ (vv. 24-26). Paul states that boasting is excluded, as justification is by faith, not works (vv. 27-28). God justifies Jews and Gentiles alike through faith, establishing rather than nullifying the law (vv. 29-31).

All have sinned and are justified freely by God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ.

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Romans 3 at a glance

  1. Romans 3:1–4Jewish Advantage and Faithfulness of God
  2. Romans 3:5–18Universal Sinfulness of Humanity
  3. Romans 3:19–20Purpose of the Law Revealed
  4. Romans 3:21–26God's Righteousness Through Faith
  5. Romans 3:27–31Faith and the Law

Key verse: Romans 3:23

One thing to notice

The section from verses 9-18 presents a series of Old Testament quotations that assemble evidence of humanity's universal sinfulness. This passage lists conditions of people, stating 'There is no one righteous; no, not one.' These citations build a strong argument against the righteousness of any individual.

Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.

Chapter text

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Jewish Advantage and Faithfulness of God Romans 3:1–4

Verse 1. Then what advantage does the Jew have? Or what is the profit of circumcision? Verse 2. Much in every way! Because first of all, they were entrusted with the revelations of God. Verse 3. For what if some were without faith? Will their lack of faith nullify the faithfulness of God? Verse 4. May it never be! Yes, let God be found true, but every man a liar. As it is written, “That you might be justified in your words, and might prevail when you come into judgment.”

Universal Sinfulness of Humanity Romans 3:5–18

Verse 5. But if our unrighteousness commends the righteousness of God, what will we say? Is God unrighteous who inflicts wrath? I speak like men do. Verse 6. May it never be! For then how will God judge the world? Verse 7. For if the truth of God through my lie abounded to his glory, why am I also still judged as a sinner? Verse 8. Why not (as we are slanderously reported, and as some affirm that we say), “Let us do evil, that good may come?” Those who say so are justly condemned. Verse 9. What then? Are we better than they? No, in no way. For we previously warned both Jews and Greeks, that they are all under sin.

Verse 10. As it is written, “There is no one righteous; no, not one. Verse 11. There is no one who understands. There is no one who seeks after God. Verse 12. They have all turned away. They have together become unprofitable. There is no one who does good, no, not so much as one.” Verse 13. “Their throat is an open tomb. With their tongues they have used deceit.” “The poison of vipers is under their lips”; Verse 14. “whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness.” Verse 15. “Their feet are swift to shed blood.

Verse 16. Destruction and misery are in their ways. Verse 17. The way of peace, they haven’t known.” Verse 18. “There is no fear of God before their eyes.”

Purpose of the Law Revealed Romans 3:19–20

Verse 19. Now we know that whatever things the law says, it speaks to those who are under the law, that every mouth may be closed, and all the world may be brought under the judgment of God. Verse 20. Because by the works of the law, no flesh will be justified in his sight. For through the law comes the knowledge of sin.

God's Righteousness Through Faith Romans 3:21–26

Verse 21. But now apart from the law, a righteousness of God has been revealed, being testified by the law and the prophets; Verse 22. even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ to all and on all those who believe. For there is no distinction, Verse 23. for all have sinned, and fall short of the glory of God; Verse 24. being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus; Verse 25. whom God sent to be an atoning sacrifice, through faith in his blood, for a demonstration of his righteousness through the passing over of prior sins, in God’s forbearance; Verse 26. to demonstrate his righteousness at this present time; that he might himself be just, and the justifier of him who has faith in Jesus.

Faith and the Law Romans 3:27–31

Verse 27. Where then is the boasting? It is excluded. By what kind of law? Of works? No, but by a law of faith. Verse 28. We maintain therefore that a man is justified by faith apart from the works of the law. Verse 29. Or is God the God of Jews only? Isn’t he the God of Gentiles also? Yes, of Gentiles also, Verse 30. since indeed there is one God who will justify the circumcised by faith, and the uncircumcised through faith. Verse 31. Do we then nullify the law through faith? May it never be! No, we establish the law.

World English Bible (public domain)

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Main themes in Romans 3

universal sinfulness

Verses 10-12 assert that 'There is no one righteous; no, not one.' This declaration of human condition indicates that 'all have sinned, and fall short of the glory of God' (v. 23). The chapter transitions from the discussion of individual unrighteousness to a collective state, indicating that both Jews and Greeks are under sin. This establishes a commonality in humanity's moral failure.

justification by faith

Justification by faith emerges prominently in verses 24-28, particularly in 'being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus' (v. 24). The text articulates that justification is not based on the works of the law, but rather through faith, stating, 'a man is justified by faith apart from the works of the law' (v. 28). This establishes a foundational principle of salvation in Christian theology.

righteousness of God

The righteousness of God is revealed in verses 21-26, where it states that a righteousness 'of God has been revealed, being testified by the law and the prophets' (v. 21). This righteousness comes through faith in Jesus Christ to those who believe (vv. 22-23). The chapter presents God's righteousness as both just and the justifier, connecting God's character with his actions toward humanity.

unity of believers

Unity of believers is addressed in verses 29-30, which affirm that God justifies 'the circumcised by faith, and the uncircumcised through faith' (v. 30). This indicates that both Jews and Gentiles are included in God's plan of salvation, promoting a sense of unity among diverse groups. The chapter concludes by stating that faith does not nullify the law, but establishes it, further supporting common ground among believers.

Chapter outline

How Romans 3 unfolds

  1. Romans 3:1–4 Jewish Advantage and Faithfulness of God

    Paul explains that the Jew has an advantage because they were 'entrusted with the revelations of God' (v. 2), while also addressing the conflict between human unfaithfulness and God's faithfulness (v. 3).

  2. Romans 3:5–18 Universal Sinfulness of Humanity

    Paul discusses the unrighteousness of humanity, stating 'they are all under sin' (v. 9), and quotes Scripture to declare 'there is no one righteous' (v. 10) or 'who seeks after God' (v. 11).

  3. Romans 3:19–20 Purpose of the Law Revealed

    The purpose of the law is clarified as it 'speaks to those who are under the law' (v. 19), revealing that 'by the works of the law, no flesh will be justified' (v. 20).

  4. Romans 3:21–26 God's Righteousness Through Faith

    Paul describes a righteousness from God that has been revealed 'apart from the law' (v. 21), which comes 'through faith in Jesus Christ' (v. 22) to those who believe.

  5. Romans 3:27–31 Faith and the Law

    Paul asks where boasting is, stating 'It is excluded' (v. 27), and affirms that a man 'is justified by faith apart from the works of the law' (v. 28) for both Jews and Gentiles.

Key verses

  • Romans 3:23Paul writes to the Roman believers, declaring that everyone, including Jews and Gentiles, has sinned and falls short of God's glory.

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Study questions

Questions for studying Romans 3

Uses your daily Ask questions.

  1. observeIn v9, what does Paul say is true of both Jews and Greeks?
  2. observeWhat does Paul quote in v10 to emphasize about righteousness?
  3. interpretIn v25, why does Paul refer to Jesus as an 'atoning sacrifice'?
  4. interpretWhat does the phrase 'justified freely by his grace' in v24 imply about salvation?
  5. applyWhen have you felt 'under sin' (v9) in your own life?

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Romans 3: frequently asked questions

What is Romans 3 about?+
The Jewish people have an advantage because they were entrusted with God's revelations (vv. 1-2).
What is the key verse in Romans 3?+
Romans 3:23: “for all have sinned, and fall short of the glory of God;”
What are the main themes of Romans 3?+
The main themes of Romans 3 are universal sinfulness, justification by faith, righteousness of God, unity of believers.

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Study Notes