ScriptureDepth's study of John 20
“Jesus said to him, “Because you have seen me, you have believed. Blessed are those who have not seen, and have believed.”
John 20:29
Jesus says this to Thomas after revealing his wounds, settling the contrast between belief through sight and that of those who believe without seeing.
What John 20 is about
On the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene goes to the tomb while it is still dark and finds the stone removed (vv. 1-2). She runs to tell Simon Peter and the other disciple. Peter and the other disciple run to the tomb together. The other disciple arrives first but does not enter until Peter goes in and sees the linen cloths lying there (vv. 3-10). Mary remains outside the tomb weeping. She sees two angels who ask her why she is weeping. When she turns around, she sees Jesus but does not recognize him until he calls her name (vv. 11-18). Later, Jesus appears to the assembled disciples, shows them his hands and side, and breathes the Holy Spirit on them (vv. 19-23). Thomas, absent during Jesus' first appearance, doubts but later encounters Jesus, who encourages him to believe (vv. 24-29). John notes that these signs are written so that readers may believe in Jesus and have life in his name (vv. 30-31).
Jesus states that those who have not seen and yet have believed are blessed.
John 20 at a glance
- John 20:1–2Mary's Discovery of the Empty Tomb
- John 20:3–10Peter and John's Visit to the Tomb
- John 20:11–18Mary Encounters the Risen Jesus
- John 20:19–23Jesus Appears to the Disciples
- John 20:24–29Thomas's Doubt and Belief
- John 20:30–31Purpose of John's Gospel
Key verse: John 20:29
One thing to notice
Jesus appears to his disciples on the same day in verses 19 and 26, which is the first day of the week. The phrase 'Peace be to you' is spoken twice to assure the disciples.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read John 20 (WEB)
Mary's Discovery of the Empty Tomb John 20:1–2
1Verse 1. Now on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene went early, while it was still dark, to the tomb, and saw the stone taken away from the tomb. 2Verse 2. Therefore she ran and came to Simon Peter, and to the other disciple whom Jesus loved, and said to them, “They have taken away the Lord out of the tomb, and we don’t know where they have laid him!”
Peter and John's Visit to the Tomb John 20:3–10
3Verse 3. Therefore Peter and the other disciple went out, and they went toward the tomb. 4Verse 4. They both ran together. The other disciple outran Peter, and came to the tomb first. 5Verse 5. Stooping and looking in, he saw the linen cloths lying, yet he didn’t enter in. 6Verse 6. Then Simon Peter came, following him, and entered into the tomb. He saw the linen cloths lying, 7Verse 7. and the cloth that had been on his head, not lying with the linen cloths, but rolled up in a place by itself. 8Verse 8. So then the other disciple who came first to the tomb also entered in, and he saw and believed.
9Verse 9. For as yet they didn’t know the Scripture, that he must rise from the dead. 10Verse 10. So the disciples went away again to their own homes.
Mary Encounters the Risen Jesus John 20:11–18
11Verse 11. But Mary was standing outside at the tomb weeping. So, as she wept, she stooped and looked into the tomb, 12Verse 12. and she saw two angels in white sitting, one at the head, and one at the feet, where the body of Jesus had lain. 13Verse 13. They told her, “Woman, why are you weeping?” She said to them, “Because they have taken away my Lord, and I don’t know where they have laid him.” 14Verse 14. When she had said this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing, and didn’t know that it was Jesus. 15Verse 15. Jesus said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping? Who are you looking for?” She, supposing him to be the gardener, said to him, “Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have laid him, and I will take him away.”
16Verse 16. Jesus said to her, “Mary.” She turned and said to him, “Rabboni!” which is to say, “Teacher!” 17Verse 17. Jesus said to her, “Don’t hold me, for I haven’t yet ascended to my Father; but go to my brothers, and tell them, ‘I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.’” 18Verse 18. Mary Magdalene came and told the disciples that she had seen the Lord, and that he had said these things to her.
Jesus Appears to the Disciples John 20:19–23
19Verse 19. When therefore it was evening, on that day, the first day of the week, and when the doors were locked where the disciples were assembled, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in the middle, and said to them,“Peace be to you.”20Verse 20. When he had said this, he showed them his hands and his side. The disciples therefore were glad when they saw the Lord.21Verse 21. Jesus therefore said to them again,“Peace be to you. As the Father has sent me, even so I send you.”22Verse 22. When he had said this, he breathed on them, and said to them,“Receive the Holy Spirit!23Verse 23. If you forgive anyone’s sins, they have been forgiven them. If you retain anyone’s sins, they have been retained.”
Thomas's Doubt and Belief John 20:24–29
24Verse 24. But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, wasn’t with them when Jesus came.25Verse 25. The other disciples therefore said to him, “We have seen the Lord!”But he said to them, “Unless I see in his hands the print of the nails, put my finger into the print of the nails, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe.”26Verse 26. After eight days again his disciples were inside, and Thomas was with them. Jesus came, the doors being locked, and stood in the middle, and said,“Peace be to you.”27Verse 27. Then he said to Thomas,“Reach here your finger, and see my hands. Reach here your hand, and put it into my side. Don’t be unbelieving, but believing.”28Verse 28. Thomas answered him, “My Lord and my God!”29Verse 29. Jesus said to him,“Because you have seen me,you have believed. Blessed are those who have not seen, and have believed.”
Purpose of John's Gospel John 20:30–31
30Verse 30. Therefore Jesus did many other signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not written in this book; 31Verse 31. but these are written, that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in John 20
Resurrection
The resurrection of Jesus is central to this chapter, starting with Mary Magdalene finding the empty tomb in vv. 1-2. She encounters angels who inquire about her tears in vv. 12-13, indicating the significance of the event. Later, Jesus appears to Mary in v. 16, affirming his resurrection by directly addressing her. The chapter culminates with Jesus presenting himself to the disciples and revealing the reality of his risen state.
Explore resurrection in the Bible →Faith and Doubt
Doubt surfaces in Thomas's response in verses 24-29. When the other disciples share their experience of the risen Jesus, Thomas demands tangible evidence, saying, 'Unless I see in his hands the print of the nails' in verse 25. Jesus later appears and invites Thomas to examine his wounds, prompting Thomas's declaration, 'My Lord and my God!' in verse 28, marking a transition from skepticism to belief.
Commissioning of Believers
Jesus commissions his disciples in vv. 21-23 after showing them his wounds and greeting them with peace. He sends them with the same mission as the Father sent him, saying, 'As the Father has sent me, even so I send you' in v. 21. Additionally, he breathes on them and confers the Holy Spirit, equipping them for the ministry ahead, showcasing the continuation of his work through them.
The Role of Women in the Church
Mary Magdalene plays a pivotal role in this chapter, especially in vv. 11-18, where she becomes the first to witness the resurrected Jesus. In v. 17, Jesus instructs her to tell the disciples about his ascension, affirming her as a messenger. This interaction highlights her importance in the early community of believers, marking a significant acknowledgment of women's roles in sharing the gospel.
Chapter outline
How John 20 unfolds
John 20:1–2 Mary's Discovery of the Empty Tomb
Mary Magdalene goes to the tomb early on the first day of the week and discovers the stone rolled away (vv. 1-2). She informs Simon Peter and the other disciple about Jesus' missing body.
John 20:3–10 Peter and John's Visit to the Tomb
Peter and the other disciple run to the tomb, with the other disciple arriving first (vv. 3-4). They observe the linen cloths but do not fully understand the implications of the empty tomb (vv. 8-10).
John 20:11–18 Mary Encounters the Risen Jesus
Mary remains at the tomb, weeping, and encounters two angels who ask her why she is distressed (vv. 11-13). She then meets Jesus but initially does not recognize him until he calls her by name (vv. 14-16).
John 20:19–23 Jesus Appears to the Disciples
Jesus appears to the disciples in a locked room, greeting them with 'Peace be to you' (v. 19). He shows them his wounds and breathes on them, commissioning them and bestowing the Holy Spirit (vv. 21-22).
John 20:24–29 Thomas's Doubt and Belief
Thomas, who is absent when Jesus first appears, refuses to believe the disciples' claim 'We have seen the Lord' (v. 25). After a week, Jesus appears again, invites Thomas to touch his wounds, leading Thomas to exclaim, 'My Lord and my God!' (v. 28).
John 20:30–31 Purpose of John's Gospel
The text notes that Jesus performed many other signs not recorded in this Gospel (v. 30). The written accounts aim to foster belief in Jesus as the Christ, providing life through faith in his name (v. 31).
Key verses
John 20:29Jesus says this to Thomas after revealing his wounds, settling the contrast between belief through sight and that of those who believe without seeing.
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Study questions
Questions for studying John 20
- observeIn v6, what do we see Simon Peter find in the tomb?
- observeWhat does Mary Magdalene say in v13 that shows her distress?
- interpretIn v9, why do the disciples not yet understand the Scripture about Jesus' resurrection?
- interpretIn v24, what does Thomas express about needing proof before he believes?
- applyWhen have you felt doubt about something important, like Thomas in v25?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo John 20
- Mark 16John 20:31 and Mark 16:16Both describe belief leading to salvation: John 20:31 states believing brings life, while Mark 16:16 connects belief and baptism to salvation.
- Luke 24John 20:1 and Luke 24:1Both narrate the discovery of the empty tomb: John 20:1 shows Mary seeing the stone taken away, and Luke 24:1 mentions others bringing spices.
- John 1John 20:28 and John 1:1Both recognize Jesus' divinity: John 20:28 has Thomas calling him God, while John 1:1 declares the Word was God.
- 1 Peter 1John 20:29 and 1 Peter 1:8Both convey faith's value: John 20:29 blesses those who believe without seeing, while 1 Peter 1:8 speaks of joy in believing despite not seeing.
- John 14John 20:21 and John 14:27Both include Jesus offering peace: John 20:21 has him saying, 'Peace be to you,' and John 14:27 promises peace not like the world gives.
- Romans 8John 20:17 and Romans 8:29Both refer to divine family: John 20:17 mentions Jesus' Father, while Romans 8:29 speaks of Jesus as the firstborn among many brothers.
Related chapters
Chapters that connect with John 20
Studied in
Where John 20 comes up on ScriptureDepth
Elsewhere on ScriptureDepth
Where to go from here
- John: the whole bookJohn states his purpose outright: "these are written, that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son…
- 30-Day Gospel Journey, day 30Day 30 of 30: It Is Finished.
- FaithWhat the Bible says about faith, with verses.
- Common Bible questionsThe questions people bring to Bible study, each answered from the text.
- Today's devotionalOne verse and a short reflection, new every morning.
John 20: frequently asked questions
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