Luke 15
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1Now all the tax collectors and sinners were coming close to him to hear him. 2The Pharisees and the scribes murmured, saying, “This man welcomes sinners, and eats with them.” 3He told them this parable. 4“Which of you men, if you had one hundred sheep, and lost one of them, wouldn’t leave the ninety-nine in the wilderness, and go after the one that was lost, until he found it? 5When he has found it, he carries it on his shoulders, rejoicing. 6When he comes home, he calls together his friends and his neighbors, saying to them, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep which was lost!’ 7I tell you that even so there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents, than over ninety-nine righteous people who need no repentance. 8Or what woman, if she had ten drachma coins, if she lost one drachma coin, wouldn’t light a lamp, sweep the house, and seek diligently until she found it? 9When she has found it, she calls together her friends and neighbors, saying, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found the drachma which I had lost.’ 10Even so, I tell you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner repenting.” 11He said, “A certain man had two sons. 12The younger of them said to his father, ‘Father, give me my share of your property.’ He divided his livelihood between them. 13Not many days after, the younger son gathered all of this together and traveled into a far country. There he wasted his property with riotous living. 14When he had spent all of it, there arose a severe famine in that country, and he began to be in need. 15He went and joined himself to one of the citizens of that country, and he sent him into his fields to feed pigs. 16He wanted to fill his belly with the husks that the pigs ate, but no one gave him any. 17But when he came to himself he said, ‘How many hired servants of my father’s have bread enough to spare, and I’m dying with hunger! 18I will get up and go to my father, and will tell him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in your sight. 19I am no more worthy to be called your son. Make me as one of your hired servants.”’ 20“He arose, and came to his father. But while he was still far off, his father saw him, and was moved with compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him. 21The son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in your sight. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’ 22“But the father said to his servants, ‘Bring out the best robe, and put it on him. Put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet. 23Bring the fattened calf, kill it, and let us eat, and celebrate; 24for this, my son, was dead, and is alive again. He was lost, and is found.’ They began to celebrate. 25“Now his elder son was in the field. As he came near to the house, he heard music and dancing. 26He called one of the servants to him, and asked what was going on. 27He said to him, ‘Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fattened calf, because he has received him back safe and healthy.’ 28But he was angry, and would not go in. Therefore his father came out, and begged him. 29But he answered his father, ‘Behold, these many years I have served you, and I never disobeyed a commandment of yours, but you never gave me a goat, that I might celebrate with my friends. 30But when this your son came, who has devoured your living with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for him.’ 31“He said to him, ‘Son, you are always with me, and all that is mine is yours. 32But it was appropriate to celebrate and be glad, for this, your brother, was dead, and is alive again. He was lost, and is found.’”
World English Bible (public domain)
“Just so, I tell you, there is joy before the angels of God over one sinner who repents.”
Luke 15:10
Summary
In Luke 15, Jesus shares three parables, emphasizing the joy in heaven over repentance. The first parable is about a shepherd who leaves his ninety-nine sheep to find the one lost sheep, highlighting the value of each individual to God. The second parable features a woman who searches diligently for a lost coin, rejoicing upon finding it. These stories illustrate God's relentless pursuit and the joy in heaven over one sinner who repents. The third and most detailed parable is the story of the Prodigal Son, where a younger son squanders his inheritance but returns to a welcoming and forgiving father. The father's joy contrasts with the elder brother's resentment, underscoring God's grace for the repentant and the call for acceptance by those who consider themselves righteous.
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Chapter outline
How Luke 15 unfolds
Luke 15:1–2 Sinners Draw Near to Jesus
Tax collectors and sinners approach Jesus to hear him, leading to murmuring from the Pharisees and scribes about his acceptance of them.
Luke 15:3–10 Parables of the Lost
Jesus shares two parables, one of a shepherd finding a lost sheep and another of a woman searching for a lost coin, both illustrating the joy of repentance.
Luke 15:11–24 The Prodigal Son's Return
The narrative focuses on a younger son who squanders his inheritance but, after hardship, decides to return home, receiving a warm welcome from his father.
Luke 15:25–32 The Elder Brother's Resentment
The elder brother's anger at the father's joyful reception of the younger son highlights issues of grace and acceptance within the family.
Key verses
Luke 15:10This verse encapsulates the chapter's focus on the joy in heaven over repentance, highlighting God's grace.
Main themes in Luke 15
Repentance
The theme of repentance emerges prominently when the younger son realizes his mistakes in verse 17. This realization leads him to return to his father, illustrating the essential step of acknowledging one's wrongs before seeking forgiveness. The parables further develop this theme by showing that true repentance not only leads to personal transformation but also results in joy and celebration in heaven, underscoring its significance in the reconciliation process.
Explore repentance in the Bible →Grace
Grace is vividly depicted in the father's forgiveness in the Prodigal Son parable, especially in verses 20-24. The father's unconditional acceptance of his son illustrates God's grace toward sinners, regardless of their past. This theme challenges readers to consider the breadth of grace and how it applies to their own lives.
Explore grace in the Bible →Forgiveness
Forgiveness is a core aspect of the father's response to his son in verses 21-24, showcasing his readiness to forgive. The chapter contrasts the father's forgiveness with the elder brother's unwillingness to forgive and accept his brother back. This tension highlights the call for all to embrace forgiveness, reflecting God's character.
Explore forgiveness in the Bible →Rejoicing in Salvation
The joy of salvation is celebrated in heaven over one sinner who repents, as stated in verses 7 and 10. The parables emphasize that this joy is not just for the individual but shared by the community, reflecting God's desire for all to be saved. This theme underscores the communal aspect of salvation and celebration.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Luke 15
- Luke 19Both passages depict the joy of salvation and the importance of seeking the lost, illustrating Jesus' mission.
- Ezekiel 34This passage's themes of shepherding and restoration connect with Jesus' parables about lost sheep and lost coins.
- Ephesians 2The concept of grace and reconciliation in this chapter echoes the themes of salvation and unity found in Ephesians.
- Luke 5Both chapters emphasize Jesus' outreach to sinners, highlighting his mission to call the lost and offer forgiveness.
- Matthew 18The themes of repentance and forgiveness in this chapter connect with the teachings on reconciliation found in Matthew.
- Psalm 51The themes of repentance and restoration in Psalm 51 resonate with the Prodigal Son's return and the father's forgiveness.
Study questions
Questions for studying Luke 15
- What do the tax collectors and sinners seek from Jesus?
- How does the father's reaction to the younger son illustrate God's grace?
- What emotions does the elder brother display upon his brother's return?
- What is the significance of the celebrations in the parables?
- How do the parables redefine the concept of righteousness?
- What role does repentance play in the joy expressed in heaven?
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