Acts 18
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1After these things Paul departed from Athens, and came to Corinth. 2He found a certain Jew named Aquila, a man of Pontus by race, who had recently come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to depart from Rome. He came to them, 3and because he practiced the same trade, he lived with them and worked, for by trade they were tent makers. 4He reasoned in the synagogue every Sabbath, and persuaded Jews and Greeks. 5But when Silas and Timothy came down from Macedonia, Paul was compelled by the Spirit, testifying to the Jews that Jesus was the Christ. 6When they opposed him and blasphemed, he shook out his clothing and said to them, “Your blood be on your own heads! I am clean. From now on, I will go to the Gentiles!” 7He departed there, and went into the house of a certain man named Justus, one who worshiped God, whose house was next door to the synagogue. 8Crispus, the ruler of the synagogue, believed in the Lord with all his house. Many of the Corinthians, when they heard, believed and were baptized. 9The Lord said to Paul in the night by a vision, “Don’t be afraid, but speak and don’t be silent; 10for I am with you, and no one will attack you to harm you, for I have many people in this city.” 11He lived there a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them. 12But when Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews with one accord rose up against Paul and brought him before the judgment seat, 13saying, “This man persuades men to worship God contrary to the law.” 14But when Paul was about to open his mouth, Gallio said to the Jews, “If indeed it were a matter of wrong or of wicked crime, you Jews, it would be reasonable that I should bear with you; 15but if they are questions about words and names and your own law, look to it yourselves. For I don’t want to be a judge of these matters.” 16So he drove them from the judgment seat. 17Then all the Greeks laid hold on Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue, and beat him before the judgment seat. Gallio didn’t care about any of these things. 18Paul, having stayed after this many more days, took his leave of the brothers, and sailed from there for Syria, together with Priscilla and Aquila. He shaved his head in Cenchreae, for he had a vow. 19He came to Ephesus, and he left them there; but he himself entered into the synagogue, and reasoned with the Jews. 20When they asked him to stay with them a longer time, he declined; 21but taking his leave of them, he said, “I must by all means keep this coming feast in Jerusalem, but I will return again to you if God wills.” Then he set sail from Ephesus. 22When he had landed at Caesarea, he went up and greeted the assembly, and went down to Antioch. 23Having spent some time there, he departed, and went through the region of Galatia, and Phrygia, in order, establishing all the disciples. 24Now a certain Jew named Apollos, an Alexandrian by race, an eloquent man, came to Ephesus. He was mighty in the Scriptures. 25This man had been instructed in the way of the Lord; and being fervent in spirit, he spoke and taught accurately the things concerning Jesus, although he knew only the baptism of John. 26He began to speak boldly in the synagogue. But when Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him aside, and explained to him the way of God more accurately. 27When he had determined to pass over into Achaia, the brothers encouraged him, and wrote to the disciples to receive him. When he had come, he greatly helped those who had believed through grace; 28for he powerfully refuted the Jews, publicly showing by the Scriptures that Jesus was the Christ.
World English Bible (public domain)
“"And the Lord said to Paul one night in a vision, 'Do not be afraid, but go on speaking and do not be silent.'"”
Acts 18:9
Summary
In Acts chapter 18, Paul arrives in Corinth where he meets Aquila and Priscilla, Jewish tentmakers recently expelled from Rome. Paul stays and works with them, balancing tentmaking with proclaiming the gospel each Sabbath. Despite initial opposition from the Jewish synagogue, Paul turns his focus to the Gentiles, leading to the establishment of a substantial Christian community in Corinth. The Lord assures Paul in a vision of His protection and presence, enabling him to teach boldly for a year and a half. Later, Paul travels to Ephesus with Aquila and Priscilla, leaving them there while he returns to Antioch. Meanwhile, Apollos, a learned Jew from Alexandria, arrives in Ephesus, teaching about Jesus accurately though only knowing the baptism of John. Priscilla and Aquila further instruct him in Christian doctrine, enriching his ministry.
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Chapter outline
How Acts 18 unfolds
Acts 18:1–4 Paul's Arrival in Corinth
Paul arrives in Corinth and meets Aquila and Priscilla, Jewish tentmakers expelled from Rome. He stays with them, working as a tentmaker while preaching in the synagogue.
Acts 18:5–8 Paul's Ministry to Jews and Gentiles
With the arrival of Silas and Timothy, Paul is filled with the Spirit and focuses on preaching Jesus to the Jews, despite opposition. Many Corinthians believe and are baptized, including Crispus, the synagogue ruler.
Acts 18:9–11 Divine Assurance in Vision
The Lord reassures Paul in a vision, telling him not to be afraid, promising protection and presence. Paul teaches in Corinth for a year and a half.
Acts 18:12–17 Paul Before Gallio
When accusations against Paul arise, Gallio dismisses the case, refusing to judge it. This decision protects Paul and results in Sosthenes being beaten instead.
Acts 18:18–21 Paul's Journey to Ephesus
Paul travels to Ephesus with Aquila and Priscilla, engaging with the synagogue. He expresses a desire to return if God wills.
Acts 18:22–23 Return to Antioch
After greeting the assembly in Caesarea, Paul goes down to Antioch, then travels through Galatia and Phrygia, establishing disciples.
Acts 18:24–28 Apollos' Arrival and Instruction
Apollos arrives in Ephesus, teaching boldly but only knowing John's baptism. Priscilla and Aquila instruct him more accurately, enhancing his ministry to the Jews.
Key verses
Acts 18:9Acts 18:9 emphasizes God's encouragement to Paul, reflecting the need for courage in ministry amidst challenges.
Main themes in Acts 18
Perseverance in Ministry
Paul's commitment to ministry is evident as he continues preaching despite opposition in the synagogue (verses 5-6). The assurance given by the Lord strengthens his resolve to remain in Corinth for a year and a half (verse 11). This theme highlights the importance of steadfastness in faith, particularly when facing challenges.
Divine Guidance
In Acts 18, the Lord's vision to Paul in verse 9 serves as a pivotal moment of divine encouragement and direction, assuring him of both protection and support. This guidance empowers Paul to remain in Corinth and boldly proclaim the gospel, even amid potential dangers and opposition. The chapter illustrates the ongoing theme that God is actively involved in leading and sustaining His followers as they undertake their mission.
Community and Cooperation
The partnership between Paul, Aquila, and Priscilla, highlighted in verses 2-3 and 18, showcases the vital role of community in effective ministry. Their collaboration in work and teaching not only strengthens their individual efforts but also fosters a supportive environment for the growth of the church. This theme emphasizes that cooperation among believers is essential for advancing the mission and nurturing faith within the community.
Growth of the Church
Acts 18 illustrates the growth of the early church, notably through the conversion and baptism of many Corinthians in verse 8. The ministry of Apollos, as described in verses 24-28, further enhances this growth as he effectively communicates the message of Jesus. This theme underscores the expanding influence of the gospel, showing how diverse communities can come together in faith and contribute to the church's overall development.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Acts 18
- Acts 19This passage connects as Paul's continued ministry in Ephesus builds on the foundation laid in Acts 18.
- Acts 16Paul's journey through cities establishing disciples resonates with his earlier missionary efforts in Acts 16.
- Acts 13Paul's focus on preaching to both Jews and Gentiles develops the missionary strategy initiated in Acts 13.
- Acts 17The opposition Paul faces in Corinth echoes the challenges seen during his ministry in Acts 17.
- Matthew 28The call to make disciples in all nations connects to the growth of the church in Acts 18.
- 2 Timothy 4Paul's perseverance in ministry parallels the exhortation to remain steadfast in faith and teaching found in 2 Timothy 4.
Study questions
Questions for studying Acts 18
- Who are Aquila and Priscilla, and why did they leave Rome?
- What was Paul's response to the opposition he faced in the synagogue?
- How does the Lord's vision to Paul in verse 9 influence his ministry?
- What role did Gallio play in Paul's experience in Corinth?
- How did Priscilla and Aquila assist Apollos in Ephesus?
- What themes of community and cooperation are evident in this chapter?
- Why was Apollos' understanding of baptism significant in his teaching?
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