Acts 17
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1Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where there was a Jewish synagogue. 2Paul, as was his custom, went in to them, and for three Sabbath days reasoned with them from the Scriptures, 3explaining and demonstrating that the Christ had to suffer and rise again from the dead, and saying, “This Jesus, whom I proclaim to you, is the Christ.” 4Some of them were persuaded, and joined Paul and Silas, of the devout Greeks a great multitude, and not a few of the chief women. 5But the unpersuaded Jews took along some wicked men from the marketplace, and gathering a crowd, set the city in an uproar. Assaulting the house of Jason, they sought to bring them out to the people. 6When they didn’t find them, they dragged Jason and certain brothers before the rulers of the city, crying, “These who have turned the world upside down have come here also, 7whom Jason has received. These all act contrary to the decrees of Caesar, saying that there is another king, Jesus!” 8The multitude and the rulers of the city were troubled when they heard these things. 9When they had taken security from Jason and the rest, they let them go. 10The brothers immediately sent Paul and Silas away by night to Beroea. When they arrived, they went into the Jewish synagogue. 11Now these were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, examining the Scriptures daily to see whether these things were so. 12Many of them therefore believed; also of the prominent Greek women, and not a few men. 13But when the Jews of Thessalonica had knowledge that the word of God was proclaimed by Paul at Beroea also, they came there likewise, agitating the multitudes. 14Then the brothers immediately sent out Paul to go as far as to the sea, and Silas and Timothy still stayed there. 15But those who escorted Paul brought him as far as Athens. Receiving a commandment to Silas and Timothy that they should come to him very quickly, they departed. 16Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him as he saw the city full of idols. 17So he reasoned in the synagogue with the Jews and the devout persons, and in the marketplace every day with those who met him. 18Some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers also were conversing with him. Some said, “What does this babbler want to say?” Others said, “He seems to be advocating foreign deities,” because he preached Jesus and the resurrection. 19They took hold of him, and brought him to the Areopagus, saying, “May we know what this new teaching is, which is spoken by you? 20For you bring certain strange things to our ears. We want to know therefore what these things mean.” 21Now all the Athenians and the strangers living there spent their time in nothing else, but either to tell or to hear some new thing. 22Paul stood in the middle of the Areopagus, and said, “You men of Athens, I perceive that you are very religious in all things. 23For as I passed along, and observed the objects of your worship, I found also an altar with this inscription: ‘TO AN UNKNOWN GOD.’ What therefore you worship in ignorance, this I announce to you. 24The God who made the world and all things in it, he, being Lord of heaven and earth, doesn’t dwell in temples made with hands, 25neither is he served by men’s hands, as though he needed anything, seeing he himself gives to all life and breath, and all things. 26He made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the surface of the earth, having determined appointed seasons, and the boundaries of their dwellings, 27that they should seek the Lord, if perhaps they might reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from each one of us. 28‘For in him we live, and move, and have our being.’ As some of your own poets have said, ‘For we are also his offspring.’ 29Being then the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Divine Nature is like gold, or silver, or stone, engraved by art and design of man. 30The times of ignorance therefore God overlooked. But now he commands that all people everywhere should repent, 31because he has appointed a day in which he will judge the world in righteousness by the man whom he has ordained; of which he has given assurance to all men, in that he has raised him from the dead.” 32Now when they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some mocked; but others said, “We want to hear you again concerning this.” 33Thus Paul went out from among them. 34But certain men joined with him, and believed, among whom also was Dionysius the Areopagite, and a woman named Damaris, and others with them.
World English Bible (public domain)
“For as I passed along and observed the objects of your worship, I found also an altar with this inscription, 'To the unknown god.' What therefore you worship as unknown, this I proclaim to you.”
Acts 17:23
Summary
In Acts 17, Paul and Silas travel to Thessalonica, where Paul preaches in the synagogue, explaining the necessity of Christ's suffering and resurrection. Some Jews and a large number of God-fearing Greeks believe, but others, fueled by jealousy, incite a mob against them, forcing Paul and Silas to flee. They next arrive in Berea, where their teachings are received with eagerness, and the Scriptures are examined daily. However, Jews from Thessalonica also stir up crowds against them in Berea, prompting Paul's departure to Athens, while Silas and Timothy remain. In Athens, Paul is distressed by the city's idolatry and engages with Epicurean and Stoic philosophers at the Areopagus. He speaks of the 'unknown god' and preaches the need for repentance in light of the resurrection, leading to mockery from some and curiosity or belief from others.
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Chapter outline
How Acts 17 unfolds
Acts 17:1–4 Arrival in Thessalonica
Paul and Silas arrive in Thessalonica and preach in the synagogue for three Sabbath days, convincing some Jews and many Greeks of their message.
Acts 17:5–9 Opposition in Thessalonica
Unpersuaded Jews incite a mob against Paul and Silas, leading to Jason's arrest and forcing the missionaries to flee the city.
Acts 17:10–12 Berea's Reception
In Berea, Paul and Silas find a more noble audience, as the people eagerly examine the Scriptures and many come to believe.
Acts 17:13–15 Persecution Follows
Jews from Thessalonica travel to Berea to stir up opposition, prompting Paul’s departure to Athens while Silas and Timothy remain.
Acts 17:16–21 Paul in Athens
While waiting in Athens, Paul is troubled by idolatry and engages both Jews and philosophers, sparking interest in his teachings.
Acts 17:22–31 Address at the Areopagus
Paul addresses the Athenians, proclaiming the unknown God and calling for repentance in light of the coming judgment.
Acts 17:32–34 Reactions to Paul’s Message
Responses to Paul's preaching vary; some mock him, while others express interest or believe, including Dionysius and Damaris.
Key verses
Acts 17:23Acts 17:23 encapsulates Paul's approach to evangelism, addressing the Athenians' ignorance while revealing the true nature of God.
Main themes in Acts 17
Evangelism and Response
In Acts 17, Paul's evangelism in Thessalonica, particularly in verses 2-4, results in both acceptance from some and vehement opposition from others. This duality illustrates the inherent challenges and triumphs faced in proclaiming the gospel message. As Paul continues to share the gospel in Berea and Athens, the varying responses serve to emphasize the importance of perseverance in evangelism despite the differing reactions from the audience.
Idolatry and True Worship
Paul's observations in Athens, noted in verse 16, uncover a city steeped in idolatry, which compels him to confront these false worship practices head-on. His speech at the Areopagus aims to redirect the Athenians’ focus towards the worship of the true God, challenging their existing beliefs. This theme highlights the critical need for authentic worship in a culture often distracted by various idols and competing philosophies.
Cultural Engagement
In Acts 17, Paul’s engagement with Athenian culture is evident through his philosophical discussions in verse 18 and his references to local poets in verse 28. By addressing the cultural context and beliefs of his audience, Paul demonstrates the significance of understanding and connecting with those he seeks to reach. This approach serves as a model for effective communication of the gospel, showing that relevance to the audience can facilitate deeper dialogue about faith.
Resurrection and Repentance
Paul’s proclamation of the resurrection in verse 31 is central to his call for repentance among the Athenians. This declaration not only affirms the truth of Christ’s victory over death but also serves as a challenge for the Athenians to reassess their beliefs in light of God's impending judgment. The theme of resurrection and repentance underscores the urgency of responding to God's revelation through Christ, highlighting the transformative nature of faith.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Acts 17
- Genesis 1Both passages highlight God's role as Creator, emphasizing His authority over all things.
- Acts 14This connects through the theme of cultural engagement, where Paul addresses a pagan audience about their beliefs.
- Job 12Both emphasize God's sovereignty in creation and the understanding of the divine nature.
- Acts 7This develops the theme of God's relationship with humanity, as seen in Paul's address about God's desire for worship.
- Romans 1Both passages discuss the response to God's revelation and the consequences of idolatry.
- John 5This echoes the theme of resurrection, emphasizing its centrality to the Christian faith.
Study questions
Questions for studying Acts 17
- What was the primary message Paul shared in Thessalonica?
- How did the Jews in Thessalonica respond to Paul's preaching?
- What characterized the response of the Bereans to Paul's teachings?
- What was Paul's reaction to the idolatry he observed in Athens?
- How did Paul adapt his message to the Athenian audience?
- What significant themes does Paul emphasize in his Areopagus address?
- Who were some of the notable individuals who believed in Athens?
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