ScriptureDepth's study of Joshua 10
“The sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Isn’t this written in the book of Jashar? The sun stayed in the middle of the sky, and didn’t hurry to go down about a whole day.”
Joshua 10:13
Joshua speaks to Yahweh about his need for time during battle, and the command for the 'sun' to stand still enables Israel to defeat their enemies.
What Joshua 10 is about
Adoni-Zedek, king of Jerusalem, learned of Israel's victories over Ai and Jericho. He feared Gibeon, a strong city allied with Israel, and called on four other Amorite kings for help against it (vv. 1-6). Joshua responded quickly, leading his army from Gilgal when Gibeon cried for aid. God assured Joshua of victory, saying that no enemy would stand against them (vv. 7-8). Joshua attacked suddenly and routed the Amorite forces, with God sending hailstones to aid the Israelites (vv. 9-11). Joshua prayed for the sun and moon to halt, and they did until the battle was won (vv. 12-14). After the fight, Joshua captured five kings who had fled and executed them after the battle (vv. 15-27). He then took Makkedah, Libnah, Lachish, Eglon, Hebron, and Debir, destroying their kings as commanded by God (vv. 28-43).
Yahweh fought for Israel and delivered all their enemies into their hands.
Joshua 10 at a glance
- Joshua 10:1–6The Amorite Alliance Forms Against Gibeon
- Joshua 10:7–14Joshua's Response and Divine Aid
- Joshua 10:15–27The Defeat and Execution of the Kings
- Joshua 10:28–43Further Conquests and Fulfillment of God's Promise
Key verse: Joshua 10:13
One thing to notice
In verses 12-13, Joshua commands the sun and moon to stand still. He addresses the sun to 'stand still on Gibeon!' and the moon to 'stop in the valley of Aijalon.' This moment occurs during a battle where divine intervention is requested.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Joshua 10 (WEB)
The Amorite Alliance Forms Against Gibeon Joshua 10:1–6
1Verse 1. Now when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them, 2Verse 2. they were very afraid, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all its men were mighty. 3Verse 3. Therefore Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem sent to Hoham king of Hebron, Piram king of Jarmuth, Japhia king of Lachish, and Debir king of Eglon, saying,
4Verse 4. “Come up to me and help me. Let us strike Gibeon; for they have made peace with Joshua and with the children of Israel.” 5Verse 5. Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together and went up, they and all their armies, and encamped against Gibeon, and made war against it. 6Verse 6. The men of Gibeon sent to Joshua at the camp at Gilgal, saying, “Don’t abandon your servants! Come up to us quickly and save us! Help us; for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell in the hill country have gathered together against us.”
Joshua's Response and Divine Aid Joshua 10:7–14
7Verse 7. So Joshua went up from Gilgal, he, and the whole army with him, including all the mighty men of valor. 8Verse 8. Yahweh said to Joshua, “Don’t fear them, for I have delivered them into your hands. Not a man of them will stand before you.” 9Verse 9. Joshua therefore came to them suddenly. He marched from Gilgal all night. 10Verse 10. Yahweh confused them before Israel. He killed them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth Horon, and struck them to Azekah and to Makkedah. 11Verse 11. As they fled from before Israel, while they were at the descent of Beth Horon, Yahweh hurled down great stones from the sky on them to Azekah, and they died. There were more who died from the hailstones than those whom the children of Israel killed with the sword.
12Verse 12. Then Joshua spoke to Yahweh in the day when Yahweh delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel. He said in the sight of Israel, “Sun, stand still on Gibeon! You, moon, stop in the valley of Aijalon!” 13Verse 13. The sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Isn’t this written in the book of Jashar? The sun stayed in the middle of the sky, and didn’t hurry to go down about a whole day. 14Verse 14. There was no day like that before it or after it, that Yahweh listened to the voice of a man; for Yahweh fought for Israel.
The Defeat and Execution of the Kings Joshua 10:15–27
15Verse 15. Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, to the camp to Gilgal. 16Verse 16. These five kings fled, and hid themselves in the cave at Makkedah. 17Verse 17. Joshua was told, saying, “The five kings have been found, hidden in the cave at Makkedah.” 18Verse 18. Joshua said, “Roll large stones to cover the cave’s entrance, and set men by it to guard them; 19Verse 19. but don’t stay there. Pursue your enemies, and attack them from the rear. Don’t allow them to enter into their cities; for Yahweh your God has delivered them into your hand.” 20Verse 20. When Joshua and the children of Israel had finished killing them with a very great slaughter until they were consumed, and the remnant which remained of them had entered into the fortified cities,
21Verse 21. all the people returned to the camp to Joshua at Makkedah in peace. None moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. 22Verse 22. Then Joshua said, “Open the cave entrance, and bring those five kings out of the cave to me.” 23Verse 23. They did so, and brought those five kings out of the cave to him: the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon. 24Verse 24. When they brought those kings out to Joshua, Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said to the chiefs of the men of war who went with him, “Come near. Put your feet on the necks of these kings.” They came near, and put their feet on their necks.
25Verse 25. Joshua said to them, “Don’t be afraid, nor be dismayed. Be strong and courageous, for Yahweh will do this to all your enemies against whom you fight.” 26Verse 26. Afterward Joshua struck them, put them to death, and hanged them on five trees. They were hanging on the trees until the evening. 27Verse 27. At the time of the going down of the sun, Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and threw them into the cave in which they had hidden themselves, and laid great stones on the mouth of the cave, which remain to this very day.
Further Conquests and Fulfillment of God's Promise Joshua 10:28–43
28Verse 28. Joshua took Makkedah on that day, and struck it with the edge of the sword, with its king. He utterly destroyed it and all the souls who were in it. He left no one remaining. He did to the king of Makkedah as he had done to the king of Jericho. 29Verse 29. Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, to Libnah, and fought against Libnah. 30Verse 30. Yahweh delivered it also, with its king, into the hand of Israel. He struck it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls who were in it. He left no one remaining in it. He did to its king as he had done to the king of Jericho.
31Verse 31. Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, to Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it. 32Verse 32. Yahweh delivered Lachish into the hand of Israel. He took it on the second day, and struck it with the edge of the sword, with all the souls who were in it, according to all that he had done to Libnah. 33Verse 33. Then Horam king of Gezer came up to help Lachish; and Joshua struck him and his people, until he had left him no one remaining. 34Verse 34. Joshua passed from Lachish, and all Israel with him, to Eglon; and they encamped against it and fought against it.
35Verse 35. They took it on that day, and struck it with the edge of the sword. He utterly destroyed all the souls who were in it that day, according to all that he had done to Lachish. 36Verse 36. Joshua went up from Eglon, and all Israel with him, to Hebron; and they fought against it. 37Verse 37. They took it, and struck it with the edge of the sword, with its king and all its cities, and all the souls who were in it. He left no one remaining, according to all that he had done to Eglon; but he utterly destroyed it, and all the souls who were in it.
38Verse 38. Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, to Debir, and fought against it. 39Verse 39. He took it, with its king and all its cities. They struck them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls who were in it. He left no one remaining. As he had done to Hebron, so he did to Debir, and to its king; as he had done also to Libnah, and to its king. 40Verse 40. So Joshua struck all the land, the hill country, the South, the lowland, the slopes, and all their kings. He left no one remaining, but he utterly destroyed all that breathed, as Yahweh, the God of Israel, commanded.
41Verse 41. Joshua struck them from Kadesh Barnea even to Gaza, and all the country of Goshen, even to Gibeon. 42Verse 42. Joshua took all these kings and their land at one time because Yahweh, the God of Israel, fought for Israel. 43Verse 43. Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, to the camp to Gilgal.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Joshua 10
Divine intervention
In this chapter, divine intervention is crucial to Israel's military success. In verses 8 and 10, Yahweh assures Joshua, saying, 'I have delivered them into your hands,' and then confuses the Amorite armies, leading them to defeat. The chapter culminates with the extraordinary event where 'Yahweh hurled down great stones from the sky' (v. 11), illustrating God's direct involvement in the battle against Israel's enemies.
Faith and obedience
Joshua's faith and obedience are evident as he responds promptly to the Gibeonites' plea for help in verse 6, setting out with his army. His actions align with God's command as he confidently marches through the night (v. 9) to confront the Amorite kings, demonstrating trust in God's promise. Joshua’s call for the sun to stand still (vv. 12-13) further reveals his faith, expecting God to act in extraordinary ways in response to his obedience.
Judgment against enemies
This chapter recounts God's judgment against the Amorite kings who oppose Israel. In verses 26-27, Joshua executes the five captured kings, hanging them on trees until evening, marking the definitive nature of their defeat. The military campaigns that follow result in the destruction of cities and inhabitants (vv. 28-39), demonstrating the consequences that arise from their opposition to Israel and the fulfillment of God's promise to His people.
God's promises fulfilled
God's promises to Israel are fulfilled through their victories in this chapter. Joshua leads the Israelites to conquer multiple cities after defeating the Amorite coalition (vv. 28-39), accomplishing what God had assured them. By the end of the chapter, it is noted that 'Yahweh, the God of Israel, fought for Israel' (v. 42), encapsulating the realization of divine promises that empowered Israel's conquests.
Chapter outline
How Joshua 10 unfolds
Joshua 10:1–6 The Amorite Alliance Forms Against Gibeon
Adoni-Zedek of Jerusalem forms an alliance with four other Amorite kings to attack Gibeon after learning of its peace with Israel (vv. 1-4). They gather their armies for war against Gibeon (v. 5).
Joshua 10:7–14 Joshua's Response and Divine Aid
Joshua responds to Gibeon's plea for help by marching from Gilgal with his entire army (v. 7). Yahweh assures Joshua that victory is guaranteed, leading to a surprise attack on the Amorite forces (vv. 8-9).
Joshua 10:15–27 The Defeat and Execution of the Kings
After defeating the Amorite kings, Joshua orders the men to guard their cave and commands, 'Open the cave entrance,' bringing out the kings for execution as a display of Israel's victory and authority.
Joshua 10:28–43 Further Conquests and Fulfillment of God's Promise
Joshua captures Makkedah, Libnah, Lachish, Eglon, Hebron, and Debir, destroying all their inhabitants and their kings, fulfilling Yahweh's promises to Israel through these conquests in a single campaign.
Key verses
Joshua 10:13Joshua speaks to Yahweh about his need for time during battle, and the command for the 'sun' to stand still enables Israel to defeat their enemies.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Joshua 10
- observeIn v6, why do the men of Gibeon ask Joshua for help?
- observeWhat does Joshua do in vv. 9-10 before engaging the enemy?
- interpretIn vv. 12-13, what are the implications of Joshua commanding the sun to 'stand still'?
- interpretIn v14, why does it say there was no day like that before or after?
- applyWhen have you faced a situation where you felt God was 'fighting for' you?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Joshua 10
- Joshua 23Joshua 10:42 and Joshua 23:10Both fight: Joshua 10:42 says Yahweh fought for Israel, while Joshua 23:10 states Yahweh fights for you.
- Exodus 14Joshua 10:42 and Exodus 14:14Both fight: Joshua 10:42 affirms Yahweh fought for Israel, while Exodus 14:14 promises Yahweh will fight for you.
- Joshua 15Joshua 10:3 and Joshua 15:39Both places: Joshua 10:3 mentions Lachish, while Joshua 15:39 lists Lachish among cities.
- Romans 8Joshua 10:42 and Romans 8:31Both fight: Joshua 10:42 declares Yahweh fought for Israel, while Romans 8:31 asks if God is for us.
- Joshua 11Joshua 10:8 and Joshua 11:6Both fight: Joshua 10:8 promises no man will stand, while Joshua 11:6 reiterates deliverance from the enemy.
- Joshua 12Joshua 10:23 and Joshua 12:10Both kings: Joshua 10:23 lists five kings, while Joshua 12:10 names the king of Jerusalem.
Related chapters
Chapters that connect with Joshua 10
Elsewhere on ScriptureDepth
Where to go from here
- Joshua: the whole bookJoshua narrates the moment promise becomes geography.
- Full Year Chronological Bible, day 74Day 74 of 365: Joshua 10–12.
- StrengthWhat the Bible says about strength, with verses.
- Common Bible questionsThe questions people bring to Bible study, each answered from the text.
- Today's devotionalOne verse and a short reflection, new every morning.
Joshua 10: frequently asked questions
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