ScriptureDepth's study of Matthew 21
“The multitudes who went in front of him, and those who followed, kept shouting, “Hosanna to the son of David! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!”
Matthew 21:9
The crowd shouts 'Hosanna to the son of David' as Jesus enters Jerusalem, marking his royal welcome and fulfilling the prophecy of the coming King.
What Matthew 21 is about
Jesus approaches Jerusalem and sends two disciples to fetch a donkey and a colt, fulfilling prophecy (vv. 1-6). The crowd lays their garments and branches on the road, shouting ‘Hosanna to the son of David’ as Jesus enters the city (vv. 7-11). Upon entering the temple, Jesus drives out those buying and selling, declaring that the temple should be a house of prayer (vv. 12-17). The next morning, he finds a fig tree with no fruit and withers it (vv. 18-22). In the temple, the chief priests and elders question Jesus' authority (vv. 23-27). Jesus tells the parable of two sons, illustrating that those who initially reject God's call may enter the kingdom before those who profess faith but do not act (vv. 28-32). He shares the parable of the wicked tenants, warning that the kingdom will be taken from those who do not produce fruit (vv. 33-46).
What will the lord of the vineyard do when he arrives, according to the parable of the wicked tenants?
Matthew 21 at a glance
- Matthew 21:1–6Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem
- Matthew 21:7–11Crowd's Response to Jesus
- Matthew 21:12–17Cleansing the Temple
- Matthew 21:18–22Withering of the Fig Tree
- Matthew 21:23–27Authority Questioned
- Matthew 21:28–32Parable of the Two Sons
- Matthew 21:33–46Parable of the Wicked Tenants
Key verse: Matthew 21:9
One thing to notice
The chapter contains two instances where Jesus engages with the religious leaders regarding authority and interpretation of scripture. He questions them in vv. 24-27 about the baptism of John and in v. 42 cites a scripture, creating a dialogue on understanding God's will. The phrase 'Did you never read' appears in v. 42.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Matthew 21 (WEB)
Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem Matthew 21:1–6
1Verse 1. When they came near to Jerusalem, and came to Bethsphage, to the Mount of Olives, then Jesus sent two disciples, 2Verse 2. saying to them, “Go into the village that is opposite you, and immediately you will find a donkey tied, and a colt with her. Untie them, and bring them to me. 3Verse 3. If anyone says anything to you, you shall say, ‘The Lord needs them,’ and immediately he will send them.” 4Verse 4. All this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through the prophet, saying, 5Verse 5. “Tell the daughter of Zion, behold, your King comes to you, humble, and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.”
6Verse 6. The disciples went, and did just as Jesus commanded them,
Crowd's Response to Jesus Matthew 21:7–11
7Verse 7. and brought the donkey and the colt, and laid their clothes on them; and he sat on them. 8Verse 8. A very great multitude spread their clothes on the road. Others cut branches from the trees, and spread them on the road. 9Verse 9. The multitudes who went in front of him, and those who followed, kept shouting, “Hosanna to the son of David! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!” 10Verse 10. When he had come into Jerusalem, all the city was stirred up, saying, “Who is this?” 11Verse 11. The multitudes said, “This is the prophet, Jesus, from Nazareth of Galilee.”
Cleansing the Temple Matthew 21:12–17
12Verse 12. Jesus entered into the temple of God, and drove out all of those who sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the money changers’ tables and the seats of those who sold the doves. 13Verse 13. He said to them, “It is written, ‘My house shall be called a house of prayer,’ but you have made it a den of robbers!” 14Verse 14. The blind and the lame came to him in the temple, and he healed them. 15Verse 15. But when the chief priests and the scribes saw the wonderful things that he did, and the children who were crying in the temple and saying, “Hosanna to the son of David!” they were indignant,
16Verse 16. and said to him, “Do you hear what these are saying?” Jesus said to them, “Yes. Did you never read, ‘Out of the mouth of babes and nursing babies you have perfected praise?’” 17Verse 17. He left them, and went out of the city to Bethany, and camped there.
Withering of the Fig Tree Matthew 21:18–22
18Verse 18. Now in the morning, as he returned to the city, he was hungry. 19Verse 19. Seeing a fig tree by the road, he came to it, and found nothing on it but leaves. He said to it, “Let there be no fruit from you forever!” Immediately the fig tree withered away. 20Verse 20. When the disciples saw it, they marveled, saying, “How did the fig tree immediately wither away?” 21Verse 21. Jesus answered them, “Most certainly I tell you, if you have faith, and don’t doubt, you will not only do what was done to the fig tree, but even if you told this mountain, ‘Be taken up and cast into the sea,’ it would be done.
22Verse 22. All things, whatever you ask in prayer, believing, you will receive.”
Authority Questioned Matthew 21:23–27
23Verse 23. When he had come into the temple, the chief priests and the elders of the people came to him as he was teaching, and said, “By what authority do you do these things? Who gave you this authority?”24Verse 24. Jesus answered them,“I also will ask you one question, which if you tell me, I likewise will tell you by what authority I do these things.25Verse 25. The baptism of John, where was it from? From heaven or from men?”They reasoned with themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will ask us, ‘Why then did you not believe him?’26Verse 26. But if we say, ‘From men,’ we fear the multitude, for all hold John as a prophet.”27Verse 27. They answered Jesus, and said, “We don’t know.”He also said to them,“Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things.
Parable of the Two Sons Matthew 21:28–32
28Verse 28. But what do you think? A man had two sons, and he came to the first, and said, ‘Son, go work today in my vineyard.’ 29Verse 29. He answered, ‘I will not,’ but afterward he changed his mind, and went. 30Verse 30. He came to the second, and said the same thing. He answered, ‘I’ m going, sir,’ but he didn’t go. 31Verse 31. Which of the two did the will of his father?” They said to him, “The first.” Jesus said to them, “Most certainly I tell you that the tax collectors and the prostitutes are entering into God’s Kingdom before you. 32Verse 32. For John came to you in the way of righteousness, and you didn’t believe him, but the tax collectors and the prostitutes believed him. When you saw it, you didn’t even repent afterward, that you might believe him.
Parable of the Wicked Tenants Matthew 21:33–46
33Verse 33. “Hear another parable. There was a man who was a master of a household, who planted a vineyard, set a hedge about it, dug a wine press in it, built a tower, leased it out to farmers, and went into another country. 34Verse 34. When the season for the fruit came near, he sent his servants to the farmers, to receive his fruit. 35Verse 35. The farmers took his servants, beat one, killed another, and stoned another. 36Verse 36. Again, he sent other servants more than the first: and they treated them the same way. 37Verse 37. But afterward he sent to them his son, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’
38Verse 38. But the farmers, when they saw the son, said among themselves, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, and seize his inheritance.’ 39Verse 39. So they took him, and threw him out of the vineyard, and killed him. 40Verse 40. When therefore the lord of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those farmers?” 41Verse 41. They told him, “He will miserably destroy those miserable men, and will lease out the vineyard to other farmers, who will give him the fruit in its season.” 42Verse 42. Jesus said to them, “Did you never read in the Scriptures, ‘The stone which the builders rejected, the same was made the head of the corner. This was from the Lord. It is marvelous in our eyes?’
43Verse 43. “Therefore I tell you, God’s Kingdom will be taken away from you, and will be given to a nation producing its fruit. 44Verse 44. He who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but on whomever it will fall, it will scatter him as dust.” 45Verse 45. When the chief priests and the Pharisees heard his parables, they perceived that he spoke about them. 46Verse 46. When they sought to seize him, they feared the multitudes, because they considered him to be a prophet.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Matthew 21
Messiahship
In verses 4-5, the chapter cites a prophecy about the Messiah's arrival, stating, 'Your King comes to you, humble, and riding on a donkey.' This fulfills the expectation of a king coming to Jerusalem. The crowd's response in verses 9-11, where they shout 'Hosanna to the son of David!' connects Jesus to the Davidic lineage, reinforcing his claim as the promised King.
Authority
Jesus' authority is questioned by the chief priests and elders in verses 23-27 when they ask, 'By what authority do you do these things?' His response, involving a question about John's baptism, challenges their understanding and reveals their fear of the crowd. This exchange highlights the tension between Jesus' divine authority and the established religious leaders.
Faith and Repentance
In verses 28-32, the parable of the two sons illustrates the concept of true repentance. The first son initially refuses to work in the vineyard but later goes, while the second son agrees to go but does not. Jesus states that 'tax collectors and prostitutes are entering into God’s Kingdom before you,' showing that faith and genuine repentance are key to entering the Kingdom.
Judgment on Hypocrisy
The parable of the wicked tenants in verses 33-46 serves as a judgment against the religious leaders. When the farmers kill the master's son, Jesus asks what the owner will do, leading to the leaders' conclusion of their own destruction. This condemnation of their actions culminates in verse 43, where Jesus states that 'God’s Kingdom will be taken away from you,' indicating severe judgment.
Chapter outline
How Matthew 21 unfolds
Matthew 21:1–6 Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem
Jesus instructs two disciples to find a donkey and colt in a nearby village for his entry into Jerusalem, fulfilling the prophecy about the humble arrival of a king (vv. 1-6).
Matthew 21:7–11 Crowd's Response to Jesus
The crowd responds to Jesus' entrance by laying their clothes and branches on the road, shouting praises including ‘Hosanna to the son of David!’ as they recognize him as a prophet from Nazareth (vv. 7-11).
Matthew 21:12–17 Cleansing the Temple
Upon entering the temple, Jesus drives out merchants, declaring that the temple should be a ‘house of prayer’ rather than a ‘den of robbers’ (vv. 12-13).
Matthew 21:18–22 Withering of the Fig Tree
Jesus curses a fig tree for not bearing fruit, which withers immediately, illustrating the power of faith and prayer, as the disciples express their astonishment at this miracle (vv. 18-22).
Matthew 21:23–27 Authority Questioned
The chief priests and elders challenge Jesus’ authority while he counters their question with an inquiry about John’s baptism, revealing their dilemma and refusal to answer (vv. 23-27).
Matthew 21:28–32 Parable of the Two Sons
Jesus tells a parable about two sons, contrasting their responses to their father's command, concluding that the tax collectors and prostitutes are entering the Kingdom before the religious leaders (vv. 28-32).
Matthew 21:33–46 Parable of the Wicked Tenants
In a parable about wicked tenants, Jesus describes how the farmers mistreat the owner's servants and ultimately kill his son, foreshadowing the rejection and consequences awaiting the religious leaders (vv. 33-46).
Key verses
Matthew 21:9The crowd shouts 'Hosanna to the son of David' as Jesus enters Jerusalem, marking his royal welcome and fulfilling the prophecy of the coming King.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Matthew 21
- observeIn v9, who do the multitudes shout praises to as they enter Jerusalem?
- observeWhy does Jesus say in v13, 'you have made it a den of robbers'?
- interpretJesus asks about John’s baptism in vv. 24-25: what tension exists in their response?
- interpretIn vv. 43-44, what does Jesus mean by God's Kingdom being taken away?
- applyWhen have you seen someone recognized for their true worth after being overlooked, like the blind and lame in v14?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Matthew 21
- Mark 11Matthew 21:22 and Mark 11:24Both ask in prayer: Matthew 21:22 says, 'you will receive,' while Mark 11:24 says, 'you shall have them.'
- Matthew 7Matthew 21:22 and Matthew 7:7Both ask in prayer: Matthew 21:22 states, 'you will receive,' while Matthew 7:7 says, 'it will be given you.'
- Luke 11Matthew 21:22 and Luke 11:9Both ask in prayer: Matthew 21:22 says, 'you will receive,' while Luke 11:9 states, 'it will be given to you.'
- Zechariah 9Matthew 21:5 and Zechariah 9:9Both declare the coming King: Matthew 21:5 reports, 'your King comes to you,' while Zechariah 9:9 says, 'your King comes to you.'
- Psalm 118Matthew 21:42 and Psalm 118:22Both reject the stone: Matthew 21:42 says, 'the stone which the builders rejected,' while Psalm 118:22 states, 'the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.'
- Luke 19Matthew 21:13 and Luke 19:46Both declare the house of prayer: Matthew 21:13 states, 'My house shall be called a house of prayer,' while Luke 19:46 says, 'My house is a house of prayer.'
Related chapters
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Where to go from here
- Matthew: the whole bookThe New Testament opens with a genealogy, and that choice announces Matthew's whole program: Jesus is "the son…
- 30-Day Gospel Journey, day 7Day 7 of 30: The King Comes to His City.
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- Common Bible questionsThe questions people bring to Bible study, each answered from the text.
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