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Genesis 31

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1He heard the words of Laban’s sons, saying, “Jacob has taken away all that was our father’s. He has obtained all this wealth from that which was our father’s.” 2Jacob saw the expression on Laban’s face, and, behold, it was not toward him as before. 3Yahweh said to Jacob, “Return to the land of your fathers, and to your relatives, and I will be with you.” 4Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field to his flock, 5and said to them, “I see the expression on your father’s face, that it is not toward me as before; but the God of my father has been with me. 6You know that I have served your father with all of my strength. 7Your father has deceived me, and changed my wages ten times, but God didn’t allow him to hurt me. 8If he said this, ‘The speckled will be your wages,’ then all the flock bore speckled. If he said this, ‘The streaked will be your wages,’ then all the flock bore streaked. 9Thus God has taken away your father’s livestock, and given them to me. 10During mating season, I lifted up my eyes, and saw in a dream, and behold, the male goats which leaped on the flock were streaked, speckled, and grizzled. 11The angel of God said to me in the dream, ‘Jacob,’ and I said, ‘Here I am.’ 12He said, ‘Now lift up your eyes, and behold, all the male goats which leap on the flock are streaked, speckled, and grizzled, for I have seen all that Laban does to you. 13I am the God of Bethel, where you anointed a pillar, where you vowed a vow to me. Now arise, get out from this land, and return to the land of your birth.’” 14Rachel and Leah answered him, “Is there yet any portion or inheritance for us in our father’s house? 15Aren’t we considered as foreigners by him? For he has sold us, and has also used up our money. 16For all the riches which God has taken away from our father, that is ours and our children’s. Now then, whatever God has said to you, do.” 17Then Jacob rose up, and set his sons and his wives on the camels, 18and he took away all his livestock, and all his possessions which he had gathered, including the livestock which he had gained in Paddan Aram, to go to Isaac his father, to the land of Canaan. 19Now Laban had gone to shear his sheep: and Rachel stole the teraphim that were her father’s. 20Jacob deceived Laban the Syrian, in that he didn’t tell him that he was running away. 21So he fled with all that he had. He rose up, passed over the River, and set his face toward the mountain of Gilead. 22Laban was told on the third day that Jacob had fled. 23He took his relatives with him, and pursued him seven days’ journey. He overtook him in the mountain of Gilead. 24God came to Laban, the Syrian, in a dream of the night, and said to him, “Be careful that you don’t speak to Jacob either good or bad.” 25Laban caught up with Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the mountain, and Laban with his relatives encamped in the mountain of Gilead. 26Laban said to Jacob, “What have you done, that you have deceived me, and carried away my daughters like captives of the sword? 27Why did you flee secretly, and deceive me, and didn’t tell me, that I might have sent you away with mirth and with songs, with tambourine and with harp; 28and didn’t allow me to kiss my sons and my daughters? Now have you done foolishly. 29It is in the power of my hand to hurt you, but the God of your father spoke to me last night, saying, ‘Be careful that you don’t speak to Jacob either good or bad.’ 30Now, you want to be gone, because you greatly longed for your father’s house, but why have you stolen my gods?” 31Jacob answered Laban, “Because I was afraid, for I said, ‘Lest you should take your daughters from me by force.’ 32Anyone you find your gods with shall not live. Before our relatives, discern what is yours with me, and take it.” For Jacob didn’t know that Rachel had stolen them. 33Laban went into Jacob’s tent, into Leah’s tent, and into the tent of the two female servants; but he didn’t find them. He went out of Leah’s tent, and entered into Rachel’s tent. 34Now Rachel had taken the teraphim, put them in the camel’s saddle, and sat on them. Laban felt around all the tent, but didn’t find them. 35She said to her father, “Don’t let my lord be angry that I can’t rise up before you; for I’m having my period.” He searched, but didn’t find the teraphim. 36Jacob was angry, and argued with Laban. Jacob answered Laban, “What is my trespass? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued me? 37Now that you have felt around in all my stuff, what have you found of all your household stuff? Set it here before my relatives and your relatives, that they may judge between us two. 38“These twenty years I have been with you. Your ewes and your female goats have not cast their young, and I haven’t eaten the rams of your flocks. 39That which was torn of animals, I didn’t bring to you. I bore its loss. Of my hand you required it, whether stolen by day or stolen by night. 40This was my situation: in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep fled from my eyes. 41These twenty years I have been in your house. I served you fourteen years for your two daughters, and six years for your flock, and you have changed my wages ten times. 42Unless the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, had been with me, surely now you would have sent me away empty. God has seen my affliction and the labor of my hands, and rebuked you last night.” 43Laban answered Jacob, “The daughters are my daughters, the children are my children, the flocks are my flocks, and all that you see is mine: and what can I do today to these my daughters, or to their children whom they have borne? 44Now come, let us make a covenant, you and I; and let it be for a witness between me and you.” 45Jacob took a stone, and set it up for a pillar. 46Jacob said to his relatives, “Gather stones.” They took stones, and made a heap. They ate there by the heap. 47Laban called it Jegar Sahadutha, but Jacob called it Galeed. 48Laban said, “This heap is witness between me and you today.” Therefore it was named Galeed 49and Mizpah, for he said, “Yahweh watch between me and you, when we are absent one from another. 50If you afflict my daughters, or if you take wives besides my daughters, no man is with us; behold, God is witness between me and you.” 51Laban said to Jacob, “See this heap, and see the pillar, which I have set between me and you. 52May this heap be a witness, and the pillar be a witness, that I will not pass over this heap to you, and that you will not pass over this heap and this pillar to me, for harm. 53The God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge between us.” Then Jacob swore by the fear of his father, Isaac. 54Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his relatives to eat bread. They ate bread, and stayed all night in the mountain. 55Early in the morning, Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and his daughters, and blessed them. Laban departed and returned to his place.

World English Bible (public domain)

And the God of my father has been with me.

Genesis 31:5

Summary

In Genesis 31, Jacob receives a divine command to return to his homeland after years of serving his father-in-law, Laban. The chapter opens with Jacob noticing Laban’s growing hostility towards him and sensing that Laban’s demeanor has shifted since God had blessed him through Jacob's labor. After discussing this with his wives, Rachel and Leah, they agree to leave Laban's household. Jacob secretly departs with his family and possessions, not telling Laban, who later pursues them. During his pursuit, God intervenes by warning Laban in a dream, instructing him to speak gently to Jacob. When Laban finally catches up to Jacob, they confront each other, leading to a tense dialogue surrounding Jacob’s departure and Laban’s stolen household gods, hidden by Rachel. The chapter concludes with a covenant made between the two men, solidifying peace as they part ways, both marked by their contrasting relationships with God and each other. Key themes include the faithfulness of God in guiding and protecting Jacob, the complexities of familial relationships, and the consequences of deception. The chapter illustrates Jacob's struggle for identity and the divine assurance that he is on a path towards fulfilling God's promises. The act of leaving and establishing boundaries reflects a deeper decision to trust in God's leading and plan for his life, showcasing a significant moment of growth for Jacob as he navigates his faith in God while confronting the realities of human relationships.

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Chapter outline

How Genesis 31 unfolds

  1. Genesis 31:1–5 Jacob Feels Hostility from Laban

    Jacob hears Laban's sons claim that he has taken their father's wealth, seeing Laban's changed demeanor. He senses the need for a change as God reassures him.

  2. Genesis 31:6–13 Divine Instruction to Return

    Jacob recounts his faithful service despite Laban's deceit and expresses confidence in God's guidance. God commands Jacob to return to his homeland, affirming His presence.

  3. Genesis 31:14–21 Rachel and Leah Agree to Leave

    Rachel and Leah discuss their inheritance and agree to follow Jacob's leading. They recognize their father's betrayal, affirming that they will support Jacob's decision.

  4. Genesis 31:22–30 Laban Pursues Jacob

    Laban learns of Jacob's departure three days later and pursues him. God warns Laban in a dream to avoid speaking harshly to Jacob.

  5. Genesis 31:31–36 The Confrontation

    Upon catching Jacob, Laban accuses him of deceit and theft, particularly regarding his household gods. Jacob defends himself, unaware that Rachel has stolen the teraphim.

  6. Genesis 31:37–42 Jacob's Justification

    Jacob challenges Laban to present any evidence of wrongdoing. He recounts his years of hard work and God's protection, highlighting Laban's injustices.

  7. Genesis 31:43–55 Covenant Between Jacob and Laban

    Laban claims ownership over his daughters and livestock, leading to a covenant agreement between them. They establish a boundary marker, sealing their separation.

Key verses

  • Genesis 31:5This verse highlights God's faithfulness to Jacob during a critical juncture in his life.

Main themes in Genesis 31

Divine Guidance

The theme of Divine Guidance surfaces prominently in Genesis 31 when God instructs Jacob to return home in verse 3. This divine directive is crucial as it not only marks a turning point for Jacob but also reveals God's ongoing involvement in his life. The chapter illustrates Jacob's developing trust in God's faithfulness, especially as he navigates the challenges posed by Laban's deceit, showcasing Jacob's spiritual growth and reliance on God's leading.

Family Dynamics

Family Dynamics play a significant role in Genesis 31, particularly through the interactions among Jacob, Rachel, Leah, and Laban. The chapter highlights the tension stemming from Laban's favoritism and dishonesty, which complicates the relationships and leads to Rachel's theft of her father's household gods. This situation underscores the complexities of familial loyalty, the struggles for identity and agency, and the need for decisive action when faced with betrayal and conflict within the family unit.

Confrontation and Resolution

The theme of Confrontation and Resolution appears as Jacob and Laban face each other over issues of deceit and ownership. Their heated dialogue culminates in a covenant that seeks to establish peace between them. This resolution reflects the complexities of their relationship, shaped by both conflict and the desire for harmony.

Fulfillment of Promises

The theme of Fulfillment of Promises is vividly illustrated in Genesis 31 as Jacob prepares to return to his homeland, recalling God's earlier promises. As events unfold, they affirm God's faithfulness to Jacob, signifying that despite the trials he has endured, God's covenant remains steadfast. This fulfillment serves as a reminder of the broader narrative concerning God's commitment to His chosen people, emphasizing that divine promises endure through both adversity and change.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Genesis 31

Study questions

Questions for studying Genesis 31

  1. What does Jacob notice about Laban's demeanor in verse 2?
  2. How does God reassure Jacob in verse 3?
  3. What reasons do Rachel and Leah give for leaving their father?
  4. What warning does God give Laban in verse 24?
  5. What is Jacob's response to Laban's accusations in verses 36-37?
  6. How do Jacob and Laban formalize their agreement in the final verses?
  7. What is the significance of the teraphim in this chapter?

Genesis 31: frequently asked questions

What is Genesis 31 about?+
In Genesis 31, Jacob receives a divine command to return to his homeland after years of serving his father-in-law, Laban. The chapter opens with Jacob noticing Laban’s growing hostility towards him and sensing that Laban’s demeanor has shifted since God had blessed him through Jacob's labor. After discussing this with his wives, Rachel and Leah, they agree to leave Laban's household. Jacob secretly departs with his family and possessions, not telling Laban, who later pursues them. During his pursuit, God intervenes by warning Laban in a dream, instructing him to speak gently to Jacob. When Laban finally catches up to Jacob, they confront each other, leading to a tense dialogue surrounding Jacob’s departure and Laban’s stolen household gods, hidden by Rachel. The chapter concludes with a covenant made between the two men, solidifying peace as they part ways, both marked by their contrasting relationships with God and each other. Key themes include the faithfulness of God in guiding and protecting Jacob, the complexities of familial relationships, and the consequences of deception. The chapter illustrates Jacob's struggle for identity and the divine assurance that he is on a path towards fulfilling God's promises. The act of leaving and establishing boundaries reflects a deeper decision to trust in God's leading and plan for his life, showcasing a significant moment of growth for Jacob as he navigates his faith in God while confronting the realities of human relationships.
What is the key verse in Genesis 31?+
Genesis 31:5: "And the God of my father has been with me."
What are the main themes of Genesis 31?+
The main themes of Genesis 31 are Divine Guidance, Family Dynamics, Confrontation and Resolution, Fulfillment of Promises.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Genesis 31

Study Notes