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ScriptureDepth's study of Luke 6

“But I tell you who hear: love your enemies, do good to those who hate you,

Luke 6:27

Jesus speaks this to his disciples, turning their understanding of love and mercy into a command to 'love your enemies' amidst radical societal norms.

What Luke 6 is about

Jesus and his disciples are picking grain on the Sabbath, which some Pharisees challenge, asking why it is lawful (vv. 1-2). Jesus points out that David ate the show bread when hungry, emphasizing that ‘The Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath’ (vv. 3-5). Later on another Sabbath, Jesus heals a man with a withered hand in the synagogue, provoking rage among the scribes and Pharisees (vv. 6-11). After praying all night, he chooses twelve apostles from his disciples (vv. 12-16). A large crowd gathers to hear him and to be healed (vv. 17-19). Jesus speaks blessings to the poor and hungry, and he pronounces woes to the rich (vv. 20-26). He instructs love for enemies and mercy rather than judgment (vv. 27-38). Jesus warns of the danger of hypocrisy in judgment (vv. 39-42) and concludes with the necessity of a solid foundation for one's actions (vv. 46-49).

Jesus calls for action: ‘Everyone who comes to me, and hears my words, and does them’ will be like a wise builder.

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Luke 6 at a glance

  1. Luke 6:1–5Debate on the Sabbath Law
  2. Luke 6:6–11Healing on the Sabbath
  3. Luke 6:12–16Choosing the Twelve Apostles
  4. Luke 6:17–19The Crowd and Healings
  5. Luke 6:20–26The Beatitudes and Woes
  6. Luke 6:27–38Radical Love and Mercy
  7. Luke 6:39–49Judgment and Foundations

Key verse: Luke 6:27

Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.

Chapter text

Read Luke 6 (WEB)

Debate on the Sabbath Law Luke 6:1–5

Verse 1. Now on the second Sabbath after the first, he was going through the grain fields. His disciples plucked the heads of grain and ate, rubbing them in their hands. Verse 2. But some of the Pharisees said to them, “Why do you do that which is not lawful to do on the Sabbath day?” Verse 3. Jesus, answering them, said, “Haven’t you read what David did when he was hungry, he, and those who were with him; Verse 4. how he entered into God’s house, and took and ate the show bread, and gave also to those who were with him, which is not lawful to eat except for the priests alone?”

Verse 5. He said to them, “The Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath.”

Healing on the Sabbath Luke 6:6–11

Verse 6. It also happened on another Sabbath that he entered into the synagogue and taught. There was a man there, and his right hand was withered. Verse 7. The scribes and the Pharisees watched him, to see whether he would heal on the Sabbath, that they might find an accusation against him. Verse 8. But he knew their thoughts; and he said to the man who had the withered hand, “Rise up, and stand in the middle.” He arose and stood. Verse 9. Then Jesus said to them, “I will ask you something: Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good, or to do harm? To save a life, or to kill?”

Verse 10. He looked around at them all, and said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He did, and his hand was restored as sound as the other. Verse 11. But they were filled with rage, and talked with one another about what they might do to Jesus.

Choosing the Twelve Apostles Luke 6:12–16

Verse 12. In these days, he went out to the mountain to pray, and he continued all night in prayer to God. Verse 13. When it was day, he called his disciples, and from them he chose twelve, whom he also named apostles: Verse 14. Simon, whom he also named Peter; Andrew, his brother; James; John; Philip; Bartholomew; Verse 15. Matthew; Thomas; James, the son of Alphaeus; Simon, who was called the Zealot; Verse 16. Judas the son of James; and Judas Iscariot, who also became a traitor.

The Crowd and Healings Luke 6:17–19

Verse 17. He came down with them, and stood on a level place, with a crowd of his disciples, and a great number of the people from all Judea and Jerusalem, and the sea coast of Tyre and Sidon, who came to hear him and to be healed of their diseases; Verse 18. as well as those who were troubled by unclean spirits, and they were being healed. Verse 19. All the multitude sought to touch him, for power came out of him and healed them all.

The Beatitudes and Woes Luke 6:20–26

Verse 20. He lifted up his eyes to his disciples, and said,“Blessed are you who are poor,God’s Kingdom is yours.Verse 21. Blessed are you who hunger now,for you will be filled.Blessed are you who weep now,for you will laugh.Verse 22. Blessed are you when men shall hate you, and when they shall exclude and mock you, and throw out your name as evil, for the Son of Man’s sake.Verse 23. Rejoice in that day, and leap for joy, for behold, your reward is great in heaven, for their fathers did the same thing to the prophets.Verse 24. “But woe to you who are rich!For you have received your consolation.Verse 25. Woe to you, you who are full now,for you will be hungry.Woe to you who laugh now,for you will mourn and weep.Verse 26. Woe,whenmen speak well of you,for their fathers did the same thing to the false prophets.

Radical Love and Mercy Luke 6:27–38

Verse 27. “But I tell you who hear: love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, Verse 28. bless those who curse you, and pray for those who mistreat you. Verse 29. To him who strikes you on the cheek, offer also the other; and from him who takes away your cloak, don’t withhold your coat also. Verse 30. Give to everyone who asks you, and don’t ask him who takes away your goods to give them back again. Verse 31. “As you would like people to do to you, do exactly so to them. Verse 32. If you love those who love you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners love those who love them.

Verse 33. If you do good to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners do the same. Verse 34. If you lend to those from whom you hope to receive, what credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, to receive back as much. Verse 35. But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing back; and your reward will be great, and you will be children of the Most High; for he is kind toward the unthankful and evil. Verse 36. “Therefore be merciful, even as your Father is also merciful. Verse 37. Don’t judge, and you won’t be judged. Don’t condemn, and you won’t be condemned. Set free, and you will be set free.

Verse 38. “Give, and it will be given to you: good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over, will be given to you. For with the same measure you measure it will be measured back to you.”

Judgment and Foundations Luke 6:39–49

Verse 39. He spoke a parable to them. “Can the blind guide the blind? Won’t they both fall into a pit? Verse 40. A disciple is not above his teacher, but everyone when he is fully trained will be like his teacher. Verse 41. Why do you see the speck of chaff that is in your brother’s eye, but don’t consider the beam that is in your own eye? Verse 42. Or how can you tell your brother, ‘Brother, let me remove the speck of chaff that is in your eye,’ when you yourself don’t see the beam that is in your own eye? You hypocrite! First remove the beam from your own eye, and then you can see clearly to remove the speck of chaff that is in your brother’s eye.

Verse 43. For there is no good tree that produces rotten fruit; nor again a rotten tree that produces good fruit. Verse 44. For each tree is known by its own fruit. For people don’t gather figs from thorns, nor do they gather grapes from a bramble bush. Verse 45. The good man out of the good treasure of his heart brings out that which is good, and the evil man out of the evil treasure of his heart brings out that which is evil, for out of the abundance of the heart, his mouth speaks. Verse 46. “Why do you call me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ and don’t do the things which I say?

Verse 47. Everyone who comes to me, and hears my words, and does them, I will show you who he is like. Verse 48. He is like a man building a house, who dug and went deep, and laid a foundation on the rock. When a flood arose, the stream broke against that house, and could not shake it, because it was founded on the rock. Verse 49. But he who hears, and doesn’t do, is like a man who built a house on the earth without a foundation, against which the stream broke, and immediately it fell, and the ruin of that house was great.”

World English Bible (public domain)

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Main themes in Luke 6

Sabbath

In Luke 6, the theme of Sabbath surfaces in the debates over its observance. In vv. 1-5, Jesus responds to the Pharisees' challenge about his disciples plucking grain, referencing David's actions in 1 Samuel 21. He declares, 'The Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath,' asserting authority over these religious laws. The chapter moves from this debate to Jesus healing on the Sabbath in vv. 6-11, showing a prioritization of mercy over strict legalism.

Discipleship

Discipleship is a key focus in Luke 6, particularly in vv. 12-16, where Jesus selects the twelve apostles. He calls them from among his disciples, naming specific individuals such as Peter and Judas Iscariot. This selection indicates a formal designation of these followers for a unique mission. In vv. 39-40, Jesus further instructs on the nature of discipleship, teaching that a disciple is not above his teacher, which shapes the understanding of what it means to follow him.

Love and Mercy

In verses 27-36, Jesus instructs his followers to love their enemies and to do good to those who hate them. He calls for actions such as blessing those who curse and lending without expecting repayment. In verse 36, he states, 'be merciful, even as your Father is also merciful,' indicating that God's nature serves as a model for this type of love. This section challenges conventional notions of reciprocity in relationships, urging a more radical practice of love.

Judgment and Foundations

Judgment and foundations are addressed in the closing verses, particularly in vv. 46-49. Jesus questions why people call him 'Lord' without following his commands, setting up a contrast between two builders. The one who acts on his words builds on a solid foundation, while the one who does not faces ruin. This teaching serves to highlight the consequences of one's choices and actions, framing discipleship as a commitment that demands a solid grounding in his teachings.

Chapter outline

How Luke 6 unfolds

  1. Luke 6:1–5 Debate on the Sabbath Law

    Jesus and his disciples pick grain on the Sabbath, prompting Pharisees to question their legality (v. 2). Jesus references David's actions to assert that he is 'lord of the Sabbath' (v. 5).

  2. Luke 6:6–11 Healing on the Sabbath

    On another Sabbath, Jesus heals a man with a withered hand in the synagogue (v. 10). The Pharisees react with rage, plotting against him (v. 11).

  3. Luke 6:12–16 Choosing the Twelve Apostles

    Jesus spends the night in prayer and selects twelve disciples to be apostles (vv. 12-13), naming Simon, whom he calls Peter, and Judas Iscariot, who will betray him (v. 16).

  4. Luke 6:17–19 The Crowd and Healings

    A diverse crowd gathers to hear Jesus and to be healed from various afflictions (vv. 17-19). Many seek to touch him, drawn by the healing power emanating from him.

  5. Luke 6:20–26 The Beatitudes and Woes

    Jesus pronounces blessings on those who are poor and suffering (vv. 20-23) and woes on the rich and complacent (vv. 24-26), contrasting their present conditions with future outcomes.

  6. Luke 6:27–38 Radical Love and Mercy

    Jesus instructs those who hear to 'love your enemies' and 'do good to those who hate you' (vv. 27-28), urging 'lend, expecting nothing back' (v. 35) and teaching about mercy and judgment (vv. 36-37), culminating in a call to 'give' (v. 38).

  7. Luke 6:39–49 Judgment and Foundations

    Jesus uses parables to teach about discernment and integrity (vv. 39-42), explaining that true goodness is revealed through actions (vv. 43-45) and concludes with a comparison of wise and foolish builders (vv. 47-49).

Key verses

  • Luke 6:27Jesus speaks this to his disciples, turning their understanding of love and mercy into a command to 'love your enemies' amidst radical societal norms.

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Study questions

Questions for studying Luke 6

Uses your daily Ask questions.

  1. observeIn v6, who was present in the synagogue when Jesus entered?
  2. observeWhat was the condition of the man with the withered hand in v6?
  3. interpretJesus' question in vv. 9-10 about doing good on the Sabbath: what tension does it present regarding the Pharisees' interpretation of the law?
  4. interpretIn v37, why does Jesus connect not judging others with being set free?
  5. applyWhen have you faced criticism for doing something viewed as unconventional, similar to the disciples in v2?

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Luke 6: frequently asked questions

What is Luke 6 about?+
Jesus and his disciples are picking grain on the Sabbath, which some Pharisees challenge, asking why it is lawful (vv. 1-2).
What is the key verse in Luke 6?+
Luke 6:27: “But I tell you who hear: love your enemies, do good to those who hate you,”
What are the main themes of Luke 6?+
The main themes of Luke 6 are Sabbath, Discipleship, Love and Mercy, Judgment and Foundations.

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