ScriptureDepth's study of Luke 6
“But I tell you who hear: love your enemies, do good to those who hate you,”
Luke 6:27
Jesus speaks this to his disciples, turning their understanding of love and mercy into a command to 'love your enemies' amidst radical societal norms.
What Luke 6 is about
Jesus and his disciples are picking grain on the Sabbath, which some Pharisees challenge, asking why it is lawful (vv. 1-2). Jesus points out that David ate the show bread when hungry, emphasizing that ‘The Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath’ (vv. 3-5). Later on another Sabbath, Jesus heals a man with a withered hand in the synagogue, provoking rage among the scribes and Pharisees (vv. 6-11). After praying all night, he chooses twelve apostles from his disciples (vv. 12-16). A large crowd gathers to hear him and to be healed (vv. 17-19). Jesus speaks blessings to the poor and hungry, and he pronounces woes to the rich (vv. 20-26). He instructs love for enemies and mercy rather than judgment (vv. 27-38). Jesus warns of the danger of hypocrisy in judgment (vv. 39-42) and concludes with the necessity of a solid foundation for one's actions (vv. 46-49).
Jesus calls for action: ‘Everyone who comes to me, and hears my words, and does them’ will be like a wise builder.
Luke 6 at a glance
- Luke 6:1–5Debate on the Sabbath Law
- Luke 6:6–11Healing on the Sabbath
- Luke 6:12–16Choosing the Twelve Apostles
- Luke 6:17–19The Crowd and Healings
- Luke 6:20–26The Beatitudes and Woes
- Luke 6:27–38Radical Love and Mercy
- Luke 6:39–49Judgment and Foundations
Key verse: Luke 6:27
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Luke 6 (WEB)
Debate on the Sabbath Law Luke 6:1–5
1Verse 1. Now on the second Sabbath after the first, he was going through the grain fields. His disciples plucked the heads of grain and ate, rubbing them in their hands. 2Verse 2. But some of the Pharisees said to them, “Why do you do that which is not lawful to do on the Sabbath day?” 3Verse 3. Jesus, answering them, said, “Haven’t you read what David did when he was hungry, he, and those who were with him; 4Verse 4. how he entered into God’s house, and took and ate the show bread, and gave also to those who were with him, which is not lawful to eat except for the priests alone?”
5Verse 5. He said to them, “The Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath.”
Healing on the Sabbath Luke 6:6–11
6Verse 6. It also happened on another Sabbath that he entered into the synagogue and taught. There was a man there, and his right hand was withered. 7Verse 7. The scribes and the Pharisees watched him, to see whether he would heal on the Sabbath, that they might find an accusation against him. 8Verse 8. But he knew their thoughts; and he said to the man who had the withered hand, “Rise up, and stand in the middle.” He arose and stood. 9Verse 9. Then Jesus said to them, “I will ask you something: Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good, or to do harm? To save a life, or to kill?”
10Verse 10. He looked around at them all, and said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He did, and his hand was restored as sound as the other. 11Verse 11. But they were filled with rage, and talked with one another about what they might do to Jesus.
Choosing the Twelve Apostles Luke 6:12–16
12Verse 12. In these days, he went out to the mountain to pray, and he continued all night in prayer to God. 13Verse 13. When it was day, he called his disciples, and from them he chose twelve, whom he also named apostles: 14Verse 14. Simon, whom he also named Peter; Andrew, his brother; James; John; Philip; Bartholomew; 15Verse 15. Matthew; Thomas; James, the son of Alphaeus; Simon, who was called the Zealot; 16Verse 16. Judas the son of James; and Judas Iscariot, who also became a traitor.
The Crowd and Healings Luke 6:17–19
17Verse 17. He came down with them, and stood on a level place, with a crowd of his disciples, and a great number of the people from all Judea and Jerusalem, and the sea coast of Tyre and Sidon, who came to hear him and to be healed of their diseases; 18Verse 18. as well as those who were troubled by unclean spirits, and they were being healed. 19Verse 19. All the multitude sought to touch him, for power came out of him and healed them all.
The Beatitudes and Woes Luke 6:20–26
20Verse 20. He lifted up his eyes to his disciples, and said,“Blessed are you who are poor,God’s Kingdom is yours.21Verse 21. Blessed are you who hunger now,for you will be filled.Blessed are you who weep now,for you will laugh.22Verse 22. Blessed are you when men shall hate you, and when they shall exclude and mock you, and throw out your name as evil, for the Son of Man’s sake.23Verse 23. Rejoice in that day, and leap for joy, for behold, your reward is great in heaven, for their fathers did the same thing to the prophets.24Verse 24. “But woe to you who are rich!For you have received your consolation.25Verse 25. Woe to you, you who are full now,for you will be hungry.Woe to you who laugh now,for you will mourn and weep.26Verse 26. Woe,whenmen speak well of you,for their fathers did the same thing to the false prophets.
Radical Love and Mercy Luke 6:27–38
27Verse 27. “But I tell you who hear: love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, 28Verse 28. bless those who curse you, and pray for those who mistreat you. 29Verse 29. To him who strikes you on the cheek, offer also the other; and from him who takes away your cloak, don’t withhold your coat also. 30Verse 30. Give to everyone who asks you, and don’t ask him who takes away your goods to give them back again. 31Verse 31. “As you would like people to do to you, do exactly so to them. 32Verse 32. If you love those who love you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners love those who love them.
33Verse 33. If you do good to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners do the same. 34Verse 34. If you lend to those from whom you hope to receive, what credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, to receive back as much. 35Verse 35. But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing back; and your reward will be great, and you will be children of the Most High; for he is kind toward the unthankful and evil. 36Verse 36. “Therefore be merciful, even as your Father is also merciful. 37Verse 37. Don’t judge, and you won’t be judged. Don’t condemn, and you won’t be condemned. Set free, and you will be set free.
38Verse 38. “Give, and it will be given to you: good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over, will be given to you. For with the same measure you measure it will be measured back to you.”
Judgment and Foundations Luke 6:39–49
39Verse 39. He spoke a parable to them. “Can the blind guide the blind? Won’t they both fall into a pit? 40Verse 40. A disciple is not above his teacher, but everyone when he is fully trained will be like his teacher. 41Verse 41. Why do you see the speck of chaff that is in your brother’s eye, but don’t consider the beam that is in your own eye? 42Verse 42. Or how can you tell your brother, ‘Brother, let me remove the speck of chaff that is in your eye,’ when you yourself don’t see the beam that is in your own eye? You hypocrite! First remove the beam from your own eye, and then you can see clearly to remove the speck of chaff that is in your brother’s eye.
43Verse 43. For there is no good tree that produces rotten fruit; nor again a rotten tree that produces good fruit. 44Verse 44. For each tree is known by its own fruit. For people don’t gather figs from thorns, nor do they gather grapes from a bramble bush. 45Verse 45. The good man out of the good treasure of his heart brings out that which is good, and the evil man out of the evil treasure of his heart brings out that which is evil, for out of the abundance of the heart, his mouth speaks. 46Verse 46. “Why do you call me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ and don’t do the things which I say?
47Verse 47. Everyone who comes to me, and hears my words, and does them, I will show you who he is like. 48Verse 48. He is like a man building a house, who dug and went deep, and laid a foundation on the rock. When a flood arose, the stream broke against that house, and could not shake it, because it was founded on the rock. 49Verse 49. But he who hears, and doesn’t do, is like a man who built a house on the earth without a foundation, against which the stream broke, and immediately it fell, and the ruin of that house was great.”
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Luke 6
Sabbath
In Luke 6, the theme of Sabbath surfaces in the debates over its observance. In vv. 1-5, Jesus responds to the Pharisees' challenge about his disciples plucking grain, referencing David's actions in 1 Samuel 21. He declares, 'The Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath,' asserting authority over these religious laws. The chapter moves from this debate to Jesus healing on the Sabbath in vv. 6-11, showing a prioritization of mercy over strict legalism.
Discipleship
Discipleship is a key focus in Luke 6, particularly in vv. 12-16, where Jesus selects the twelve apostles. He calls them from among his disciples, naming specific individuals such as Peter and Judas Iscariot. This selection indicates a formal designation of these followers for a unique mission. In vv. 39-40, Jesus further instructs on the nature of discipleship, teaching that a disciple is not above his teacher, which shapes the understanding of what it means to follow him.
Love and Mercy
In verses 27-36, Jesus instructs his followers to love their enemies and to do good to those who hate them. He calls for actions such as blessing those who curse and lending without expecting repayment. In verse 36, he states, 'be merciful, even as your Father is also merciful,' indicating that God's nature serves as a model for this type of love. This section challenges conventional notions of reciprocity in relationships, urging a more radical practice of love.
Judgment and Foundations
Judgment and foundations are addressed in the closing verses, particularly in vv. 46-49. Jesus questions why people call him 'Lord' without following his commands, setting up a contrast between two builders. The one who acts on his words builds on a solid foundation, while the one who does not faces ruin. This teaching serves to highlight the consequences of one's choices and actions, framing discipleship as a commitment that demands a solid grounding in his teachings.
Chapter outline
How Luke 6 unfolds
Luke 6:1–5 Debate on the Sabbath Law
Jesus and his disciples pick grain on the Sabbath, prompting Pharisees to question their legality (v. 2). Jesus references David's actions to assert that he is 'lord of the Sabbath' (v. 5).
Luke 6:6–11 Healing on the Sabbath
On another Sabbath, Jesus heals a man with a withered hand in the synagogue (v. 10). The Pharisees react with rage, plotting against him (v. 11).
Luke 6:12–16 Choosing the Twelve Apostles
Jesus spends the night in prayer and selects twelve disciples to be apostles (vv. 12-13), naming Simon, whom he calls Peter, and Judas Iscariot, who will betray him (v. 16).
Luke 6:17–19 The Crowd and Healings
A diverse crowd gathers to hear Jesus and to be healed from various afflictions (vv. 17-19). Many seek to touch him, drawn by the healing power emanating from him.
Luke 6:20–26 The Beatitudes and Woes
Jesus pronounces blessings on those who are poor and suffering (vv. 20-23) and woes on the rich and complacent (vv. 24-26), contrasting their present conditions with future outcomes.
Luke 6:27–38 Radical Love and Mercy
Jesus instructs those who hear to 'love your enemies' and 'do good to those who hate you' (vv. 27-28), urging 'lend, expecting nothing back' (v. 35) and teaching about mercy and judgment (vv. 36-37), culminating in a call to 'give' (v. 38).
Luke 6:39–49 Judgment and Foundations
Jesus uses parables to teach about discernment and integrity (vv. 39-42), explaining that true goodness is revealed through actions (vv. 43-45) and concludes with a comparison of wise and foolish builders (vv. 47-49).
Key verses
Luke 6:27Jesus speaks this to his disciples, turning their understanding of love and mercy into a command to 'love your enemies' amidst radical societal norms.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Luke 6
- observeIn v6, who was present in the synagogue when Jesus entered?
- observeWhat was the condition of the man with the withered hand in v6?
- interpretJesus' question in vv. 9-10 about doing good on the Sabbath: what tension does it present regarding the Pharisees' interpretation of the law?
- interpretIn v37, why does Jesus connect not judging others with being set free?
- applyWhen have you faced criticism for doing something viewed as unconventional, similar to the disciples in v2?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Luke 6
- Proverbs 4Luke 6:45 and Proverbs 4:23Both keep your heart: Luke 6:45 says that good and evil flow from the heart, while Proverbs 4:23 states that it is the wellspring of life.
- Matthew 5Luke 6:27 and Matthew 5:44Both love your enemies: Luke 6:27 instructs to do good to those who hate you, while Matthew 5:44 expands by adding prayer for those who mistreat you.
- Matthew 7Luke 6:46 and Matthew 7:21Both do the will of God: Luke 6:46 questions why people call Him Lord but disobey, while Matthew 7:21 emphasizes doing the will of the Father.
- James 1Luke 6:46 and James 1:22Both be doers: Luke 6:46 questions calling Him Lord without obedience, while James 1:22 urges being doers, not hearers only.
- Matthew 12Luke 6:45 and Matthew 12:34Both the abundance of the heart: Luke 6:45 states good and evil words reveal the heart, while Matthew 12:34 speaks similarly on speaking good.
- Romans 12Luke 6:27 and Romans 12:21Both overcome evil with good: Luke 6:27 instructs to do good to those who hate you, while Romans 12:21 reinforces overcoming evil with good.
Related chapters
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Where to go from here
- Luke: the whole bookLuke alone tells us his method.
- 30-Day Gospel Journey, day 17Day 17 of 30: Good News for the Poor.
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